Transcript Shelmerdine Chapter 6

C.W. Shelmerdine
Introduction to Greek
2nd edition
(Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008)
Chapter 6
Shelmerdine Chapter 6
1. Neuter nouns of the 2nd declension
2. Some uses of the dative
3. The present active infinitive of thematic
verbs
4. The complementary infinitive
5. Reading expectations
6. The negatives οὐ and μή
Shelmerdine Chapter 6
1. Neuter nouns of the 2nd declension
2. Some uses of the dative
3. The present active infinitive of thematic
verbs
4. The complementary infinitive
5. Reading expectations
6. The negatives οὐ and μή
Shelmerdine Chapter 6
1. Neuter nouns of the 2nd declension
•
This chapter introduces neuter nouns of the 2nd
declension. These nouns use endings similar to
that of the masculine nouns. Hence δῶρον
“gift”
singular
τὸ δῶρον
τοῦ δώρου
τῷ δώρῳ
τὸ δῶρον
Voc. = nom.
plural
τὰ δῶρα
τῶν δώρων
τοῖς δώροις
τὰ δῶρα
Voc. = nom.
Shelmerdine Chapter 6
1. Neuter nouns of the 2nd declension
•
Two rules apply to all neuter words in Greek.
–
1. The nominative, accusative, and vocative singular
must be identical
singular
τὸ δῶρον
τοῦ δώρου
τῷ δώρῳ
τὸ δῶρον
τὸ δῶρον
plural
τὰ δῶρα
τῶν δώρων
τοῖς δώροις
τὰ δῶρα
τὰ δῶρα
Shelmerdine Chapter 6
1. Neuter nouns of the 2nd declension
•
Two rules apply to all neuter words in Greek.
–
2. The nominative, accusative, and vocative plural
must end in a short -α
singular
τὸ δῶρον
τοῦ δώρου
τῷ δώρῳ
τὸ δῶρον
τὸ δῶρον
plural
τὰ δῶρα
τῶν δώρων
τοῖς δώροις
τὰ δῶρα
τὰ δῶρα
Shelmerdine Chapter 6
Looking up a Greek noun
•
Recall that in a vocabulary, glossary, lexicon, or
dictionary, a Greek noun is listed by its (1)
nominative singular, (2) genitive singular
ending, and (3) the nominative singular
article.
–
–
–
–
–
τιμή, -ῆς, ἡ “honor”
χώρα, -ας, ἡ “country”
κριτής, -οῦ, ὁ “judge”
λόγος, -ου, ὁ “word”
δῶρον, -οῦ, τό “gift”
Shelmerdine Chapter 6
Looking up a Greek noun
•
Learn and observe both case forms closely, to
determine the declension and pattern of endings:
– τιμή, -ῆς, ἡ “honor” 1st declension
– χώρα, -ας, ἡ “country” 1st declension
– κριτής, -οῦ, ὁ “judge” 1st declension masculine
– λόγος, -ου, ὁ “word” 2nd declension
– δῶρόν, -οῦ, τό “gift” 2nd declension neuter
Shelmerdine Chapter 6
1. Neuter nouns of the 2nd declension
If the subject of a sentence is neuter, then the
verb is singular, even if the subject is plural:
–
τὸ δένδρον παρέχει καρπόν.
•
–
The tree provides fruit.
τὰ δένδρα παρέχει καρπόν.
•
The trees provide fruit.
Shelmerdine Chapter 6
1. Neuter nouns of the 2nd declension
2. Some uses of the dative
3. The present active infinitive of thematic
verbs
4. The complementary infinitive
5. Reading expectations
6. The negatives οὐ and μή
Shelmerdine Chapter 6
2. Some uses of the dative
•
with the preposition ἐν
–
θύομεν ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ.
•
–
“We sacrifice in the marketplace.”
παιδεύομεν τοὺς νεανίας ἐν τῇ σοφίᾳ.
•
“We educate the young men in wisdom.”
Shelmerdine Chapter 6
2. Some uses of the dative
•
to indicate means/instrument
–
τὸν κριτὴν ἐκώλυες τῇ φωνῇ.
•
–
“You were hindering the judge with your voice.”
ἁμάξῃ διώκει τὴν στρατιάν.
•
“He pursues the army by means of (with) a wagon.”
Shelmerdine Chapter 6
1. Neuter nouns of the 2nd declension
2. Some uses of the dative
3. The present active infinitive of thematic
verbs
4. The complementary infinitive
5. Reading expectations
6. The negatives οὐ and μή
Shelmerdine Chapter 6
parse/parsing
• 1st, 2nd or 3RD PERSON
• SINGULAR or PLURAL
• PRESENT, IMPERFECT, FUTURE, or
AORIST
• INDICATIVE or INFINITIVE
• ACTIVE
Shelmerdine Chapter 6
3. The present active infinitive of thematic
verbs
•
•
This chapter introduces another mood, the
infinitive.
The infinitive refers to just the action of the
verb, without designating a subject, so it does
not specify person or number.
Shelmerdine Chapter 6
3. The present active infinitive of thematic
verbs
•
•
The infinitive refers to just the action of the
verb, without designating a subject, so it does
not specify person or number.
Without the need to express person or number,
the infinitive needs only a single ending, –ειν.
–
–
λύειν
Parsing: present, infinitive, active
Shelmerdine Chapter 6
3. The present active infinitive of thematic
verbs
•
The infinitive is used whenever expressing the
subject is unnecessary, impossible or undesirable.
For example:
–
as a noun (always neuter singular)
•
χαλεπόν ἐστι διαβαίνειν τὸν ποταμόν.
– “To cross the river is dangerous.”
– “It is dangerous to cross the river.”
– “Crossing the river is dangerous.”
Shelmerdine Chapter 6
1. Neuter nouns of the 2nd declension
2. Some uses of the dative
3. The present active infinitive of thematic
verbs
4. The complementary infinitive
5. Reading expectations
6. The negatives οὐ and μή
Shelmerdine Chapter 6
4. The complementary infinitive
•
The infinitive is used whenever expressing the
subject is unnecessary, impossible or
undesirable. For example:
–
To complete the meaning of another verb
(complementary)
•
•
ἐθέλομεν εὑρίσκειν τὸν φύλακα.
– “We want to find the guard.”
ἐκελεύσαμεν τοὺς φύλακας φεύγειν .
– “We ordered the guards to flee.”
Shelmerdine Chapter 6
1. Neuter nouns of the 2nd declension
2. Some uses of the dative
3. The present active infinitive of thematic
verbs
4. The complementary infinitive
5. Reading expectations
6. The negatives οὐ and μή
Shelmerdine Chapter 6
5. Reading expectations
•
The meaning of certain verbs sets up an
expectation that an infinitive is necessary to
complete its meaning. For example:
– ἐθέλομεν εὑρίσκειν τὸν φύλακα.
• “We want to find the guard.”
– ἐκελεύσαμεν τοὺς φύλακας φεύγειν .
• “We ordered the guards to flee.”
Shelmerdine Chapter 6
1. Neuter nouns of the 2nd declension
2. Some uses of the dative
3. The present active infinitive of thematic
verbs
4. The complementary infinitive
5. Reading expectations
6. The negatives οὐ and μή
Shelmerdine Chapter 6
6. The negatives οὐ and μή
•
•
With complementary infinitives, the negative is μή, not
οὐ, but there is no difference in meaning or translation.
– κελεύσομεν τοὺς φύλακας μὴ φεύγειν .
• “We will order the guards not to flee.”
Contrast the negative of an indicative verb:
– οὐ κελεύσομεν τοὺς φύλακας φεύγειν .
• “We will not order the guards to flee.”
ELEMENTARY GREEK
for tomorrow (Wednesday, October 5, 2005):
• Quiz: Write out all the forms of δῶρον
complete with the definite article.
• prepare Exercises 22-23 for class
ELEMENTARY GREEK
for tomorrow (Monday, October 10, 2005):
• Quiz: write out the aorist of λύω
• prepare Exercises 24-25 for class
ELEMENTARY GREEK
for tomorrow (Tuesday, October 11, 2005):
• Quiz: parse the verbs and nouns in a
sentence selected from Exercise 22
• prepare Biblical readings for class
Shelmerdine Chapter 6
Vocabulary
• In Chapter 6 Vocabulary
–
Nouns: omit ζῷον, ζυγόν
ELEMENTARY GREEK
for tomorrow (Wednesday, October 12,
2005):
• Quiz: vocabulary from Chapter 6
• Read Chapter 7