Transcript Modals S. & Perfect

COMMON MODAL
VERBS
He can speak English
► not He can to speak English
► not He can speaking English
Can
Could
May
Might
Must
Have to
Ought to
Shall
Should
Will
Would
She should go to the doctor
► not She shoulds go …
► not She should goes….
They might not go to the party
► not They don’t might go to the party
PRESENT: The lights are on. They must be at home. (Seguro que están en casa)
PAST
: The lights were on.They must have been at home.
(Seguro que estaban en casa)
► not They musted be at home.
USE
ADVICE
OBLIGATION
LACK OF
OBLIGATION
MODAL VERB
- should
- ought to
- must
- have to
don’t have to
needn’t
SUBSTITUTE
It’s a good idea...
If I were you...
I suggest you ….
It’s important that
It’s absolutely
necessary that...
It’s essential
that...
It isn’t necessary
PROHIBITION
- mustn’t
ABILITY
- present
- past
-other tenses
- can
- could
-be able to
(Ideal
ciecumstances)
(Knowledge)
PROBABILITY
-may
-might
-could
-must
-can’t
“Sería
“IfunaIbuena
were you I’d go
to the doctor”
“If I were you I’d go to the
idea...”
=You should go todoctor”=You
the doctor”.
should go to the
“Si yo fuera tú...”
doctor”.
“Te sugiero...”
“It’s absolutely necessary that we finish
the article today”
“Es importante que...”
“It’s
absolutely
necessary
that we
“We must/have to
finish
the
article
“Es =
absolutamente
finish the article today”= We
necesario...”
today”
must/have to finish the article
“Es esencial que...”
-.....probably....
- Perhaps
-I’m sure
-I’m certain
-It’s impossible
-It’s quite possible
today”
“It isn’t necessary to bring a present”
= “You don’t need/don’t have to bring a
“No es necesario
It isn’t necessary to bring a
present”
que...”
“No hace falta que...”
Not to be allowed
to
It’s forbidden to
CERTAINTY
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE (IN THE PRESENT)
TRANSLATION
present = “You don’t need/don’t
have to bring a present”
“You aren’t allowed to smoke at school”
=”You
mustn’t smoke
atallowed
school”
“You aren’t
to smoke at
“No estar
permitido”
=”You mustn’t
“Está prohibido…”
school”
(Saber hacer algo)
“I will be able to speak Chinese”
smoke at
(When I was a childschool”
I earned Chinese)
“I can speak
Chinese”
(When
I was a child I earned
(Circunstancias
Chinese)
idóneas para“I
que
algo speak Chinese”
could
“I can speak Chinese”
ocurra) “I will be able to “Ispeak
could speak
Chinese”
Chinese”
“...probablemente...”
she is at home=She
“Perhaps she isPerhaps
at home”
may/might be at home.
“Quizás...”
=“She may/might be at home”.
“I’m sure
that magazine
isn’t
Carolina’s”
I’m sure
that
magazine isn’t
“Estoy
seguro...”
Carolina’s=That
magazine
can’t be
=“That
magazine
can’t
be
Carolina’s”.
Estoy seguro...”
Carolina’s.
quite possible she’s
home”
“Es“It’s
imposible...”
It’s quiteat
possible
she’s at
“Es muy posible....”
home=She must be at home.
=“She must be at home”.
EXAMPLE (IN THE PRESENT)
“If I were you I’d go to the doctor”
=You should go to the doctor”.
“It’s absolutely necessary that we finish the article today”
= “We must/have to finish the article today”
“It isn’t necessary to bring a present”
= “You don’t need/don’t have to bring a present”
“You aren’t allowed to smoke at school”
=”You mustn’t smoke at school”
(When I was a child I earned Chinese)
“I can speak Chinese”
“I could speak Chinese”
“I will be able to speak Chinese”
“Perhaps she is at home”
=“She may/might be at home”.
“I’m sure that magazine isn’t Carolina’s”
=“That magazine can’t be Carolina’s”.
“It’s quite possible she’s at home”
=“She must be at home”.
USE
EXPLANATION
MODAL VERB
EXAMPLE
ADVICE
Un consejo que al
final no fue
seguido
You should have studied harder. Now you
SHOULD HAVE + PP
have to do the retake.
CRITICISM
Crítica sobre algo
que debía haber
ocurrido
You
shouldn’t have seen that terror film.
SHOULDN’T HAVE + PP
Now you’re afraid of dark.
ABILITY
(not
fulfilled)
Posibilidad de
hacer algo, pero
que al final no se
hizo.
I could have studied in London, but I
COULD HAVE + PP
didn’t.
PROBABILITY
Sospecha de que
algo ocurrió
Yesterday it was raining a lot. They may
MAY/MIGHT HAVE + PP
have been at home.
CERTAINTY
Seguridad de que
algo ocurrió.
Seguridad de que
algo no ocurrió.
MUST HAVE + PP
She is crying. She must have failed the exam.
She is laughing. She can’t have failed the exam.
COULDN’T HAVE + PP