Transcript 2.1 Reflexive and reciprocal verbs

2.1
Reflexive and reciprocal verbs
• Reflexive verbs typically describe an action that the subject
does to or for himself, herself, or itself. Reflexive verbs are
conjugated like their non-reflexive counterparts but always
use reflexive pronouns.
Reflexive verb
Non-reflexive verb
Bruno se réveille.
Bruno réveille son fils.
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2.1
Reflexive and reciprocal verbs
Reflexive verbs
se réveiller to wake up
je
tu
il/elle
nous
vous
ils/elles
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me réveille
te réveilles
se réveille
nous réveillons
vous réveillez
se réveillent
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2.1
Reflexive and reciprocal verbs
• Many verbs used to describe routines are reflexive.
s’arrêter to stop (oneself)
se brosser to brush
se fâcher (contre) to get
angry (with)
se coucher to go to bed
s’habiller to get dressed
se maquiller to put
on makeup
se couper to cut oneself
s’habituer à to get used to
se peigner to comb
se déshabiller to undress
s’inquiéter to worry
se raser to shave
se dépêcher to hurry
s’intéresser (à) to be
interested (in)
se rendre compte de
to realize
se laver to wash oneself
se reposer to rest
se détendre to relax
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se lever to get up
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Remember!
• When mentioning body parts, in French you use the
definite article (le, la, les) instead of the posessive pronoun.
• Example:
French: Je me brosse les dents à 5 heures du matin.
English: I brush my teeth at 5 in the morning.
NOT: Je me brosse mes dents…
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2.1
Reflexive and reciprocal verbs
• Some verbs can be used reflexively or non-reflexively. Use
the non-reflexive form if the verb acts upon something
other than the subject.
La passagère se fâche.
The passenger is getting angry.
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Tu fâches la passagère.
You are angering the passenger.
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2.1
Pause de Madame!
This is because of how DIRECT OBJECTS work in a
sentence. A direct object directly receives the action of the
verb.
To help you remember (but not always a surefire rule…)
A direct object answers the question ‘Who’ or ‘What’?
If you can’t logically answer ‘Who’ or ‘What’ – it’s
probably
not a direct object.
I bought a dress. J’ai acheté une robe.
--What did I buy? A robe. Une robe is the direct object.
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2.1
• So! With reflexive verbs, the reflexive pronoun IS the direct
object.
Jean se promène.
Here, Jean is walking himself. What/Who is he walking?
Himself.
SE = the direct object.
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2.1
• However!!
• Jean promène le chien.
What or Who is he walking?
Now he’s walking the dog (not himself)
That means that we take away the reflexive pronoun,
because it’s not the direct object. The dog is the direct
object.
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2.1
Recap!
• Jean se promène.
Who or what is he walking? Himself. Not someone/
something else.
• Jean promène le chien.
Who or what is he walking? The dog.
You took notes on this, right? It’s not in the book. Madame
added it because it’s pretty important to understand how
reflexive/reciprocal pronouns work.
Also, you will kick yourself later on if you’re not paying attention
now…
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2.1
Reflexive and reciprocal verbs
• Many nonreflexive verbs
change meaning
when they are
used with a
reflexive pronoun
and might not
literally express a
reflexive action.
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aller to go
s’en aller to go away
amuser to amuse
s’amuser to have fun
apercevoir to catch
sight of
s’apercevoir to realize
attendre to wait (for)
s’attendre à to expect
se demander to wonder
demander to ask
se douter de to suspect
douter to doubt
s’ennuyer to get bored
ennuyer to bother
entendre to hear
s’entendre bien avec
to get along with
mettre to put
se mettre à to begin
servir to serve
se servir de to use
tromper to deceive
se tromper to be
mistaken
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2.1
Reflexive and reciprocal verbs
• A number of verbs are used only in the reflexive form, but
may not literally express a reflexive action.
se méfier de to distrust
se moquer de to make fun of
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se souvenir de to remember
se taire to be quiet
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2.1
Reflexive and reciprocal verbs
• Form the affirmative imperative of a reflexive verb by
adding the reflexive pronoun at the end of the verb
with a hyphen in between. For negative commands,
begin with ne and place the reflexive pronoun
immediately before the verb.
Habillons-nous. Il faut partir!
Let’s get dressed. We have to leave!
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Ne vous inquiétez pas.
Don’t worry.
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2.1
Reflexive and reciprocal verbs
• Remember to change te to toi in affirmative commands.
Repose-toi bien ce week-end.
Rest up this weekend.
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Tais-toi!
Be quiet!
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Reflexive and reciprocal verbs
Repose-toi bien ce week-end.
Rest up this weekend.
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Tais-toi!
Be quiet!
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Reflexive and reciprocal verbs
• Use l’un(e) l’autre and l’un(e) à l’autre, or their plural
forms les un(e)s les autres and les un(e)s aux autres, to
emphasize that an action is reciprocal.
Béa et Yves se regardent.
Béa and Yves look at each other.
Béa and Yves look at themselves
but
Béa et Yves se regardent l’un
l’autre.
Béa and Yves look at each other.
Ils s’envoient des e-mails.
They send each other e-mails.
They send themselves e-mails.
but
Ils s’envoient des e-mails les uns
aux autres.
They send each other e-mails.
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