Transcript UNDERSTANDING TIME_TENSE_VOICE

UNDERSTANDING ACTION:
TIME, TENSE, AND VOICE
By reviewing:
-4 verb forms
-simple tenses
-progressive tenses
-perfect tenses
-verb consistency
By introducing:
-active voice
-passive voice
a) past participles
b) agent by+doer
A. How many different forms of the
verb to read are used here?
 John: Have you read Twilight? Is it
any good?
 Anne: I read it last year when I was
in 7th grade. I read it all in 1 month!
 John: The teacher said we will read it
sometime before November.
 Anne: I hope besides reading, we
also watch the movie.
Just 1 pair of jeans can have 4 looks
1. BASE FORM
2. PRESENT PARTICIPLE FORM
3. PAST FORM
4. PAST PARTICIPLE FORM
The 4 forms of the verb to read
being used here are:

John: Have you read Twilight? Is it any good?
Anne: I read it last year when I was in 7th grade. I did
it all in 1 month!
John: The teacher said we will read it sometime before
November.
Anne: I hope besides reading, we also watch the movie.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Past, past participle, future, progressive
Past participle, past, base, present participle
Present perfect, past participle, base, progressive
Present, past, future, present progressive
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PRACTICE 1: Which verb form is it?
1. We left school early yesterday. _______
2. They had left before the cops
arrived._____
3. Don´t leave things unattended. _______
4. If you do, the custodian will leave them at
the information desk. ________
5. Who has already left? ________
6. Should we leave now? ________
7. To leave class without permission is not
recommended. _________
8. Have they left any trace of the murder?___
ANY QUESTIONS SO FAR?
B. REVIEWING SIMPLE TENSES
Simple
tenses
PRESENT
PAST
FUTURE
(shall/will)
Definition
Example
Progressive
form
Indicates that
something
exists or is
happening
now
Anne thinks
this book is
great.
Anne is not
reading at the
moment.
Indicates that
someting
existed or
happened in
the past
Anne read the
book last year.
John was
talking to
Anne about it.
Indicates that
something will
exist or will
happen soon
The class will
study it.
Anne will be
waiting for
the movie.
C. REVIEWING PERFECT TENSES
Perfect
tenses
PRESENT

PERFECT
(has or have +
Past participle)
PAST
PERFECT
(had + Past
participle)
FUTURE
PERFECT
(will/shall have +
Past participle)
Definition
Example
Progressive
form
Indicates something
existing or happening
sometime before now,
with the effects
continuing into the
present
Anne has
thought
about
reading this
book again.
She has
been
reading
other books
this year.
Indicates something
existed or happened
before a specific time in
the past
Anne had
read the
book before
John did.
John had
been
reading
Science
Fiction books
in 2009.
Indicates something
will be existing or
happening before a
specific time in the
future
After Nov.,
the class
will have
read it.
The movie
will have
been seen
by this class.
D. COMPARING SIMPLE TENSES
Simple
tenses
PRESENT
Example 1
These tenses
In Spanish
Example 2
Anne thinks
this book is
great.
PRESENTE
SIMPLE
Yo como pollo
frito con
tenedor y
cuchillo.
PAST
Anne read the
book last year.
PRETÉRITO
IMPERFECTO Y
PRETÉRITO
PERFECTO
SIMPLE
La amaba a
ella como
nunca amé a
nadie antes.
FUTURE
(shall/will)
The class will
study it.
FUTURO
SIMPLE
Me compraré
lo que quiera
con mi primer
salario.
E. COMPARING PERFECT TENSES
Perfect
tenses
 PRESENT
PERFECT
(has or have +
Past participle)
PAST
PERFECT
(had + Past
participle)
FUTURE
PERFECT
(will/shall have
+ Past
participle)
Example 1
These tenses
In Spanish
Anne has
PRETÉRITO
thought about
PERFECTO
reading this
book again.
COMPUESTO
John had read
Science Fiction
books in 2009.
The show will
have finished
by noon.
PRETÉRITO
PLUSCUAMPERFECTO
(ANTERIOR)
FUTURO
PERFECTO
Example 2
Ana ha leído
otros libros en
este año.
Juan había
leído obras de
ciencia ficción
en el 2009.
El show habrá
terminado
para el
mediodía.
Practice 2: Which verb tense is it?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
We left school early yesterday. _______
They had left before the cops arrived._____
Don´t leave things unattended. _______
If you do, the custodian will leave them at
the information desk. ________
Who has already left? ________
Are we leaving now? ________
To leave class without permission is not
recommended. _________
Have they left any trace of the murder?___
JOKE TIME
 Mother: "This is the worst
report card I've ever seen."
Son: "Look at the bright side; you
know I'm not cheating."
 Two balloons are floating across the
desert.
One balloon says to the other:
"Look out for the cactussssssssssss!"
C. WHAT IS VERB CONSISTENCY?
 It is important to keep verb tenses
consistent. Avoid unnecessary shifts into
the present or another tense.
 Your listeners must understand when
exactly an action took place. So, stick to
the same verb tense.
 If you report something in dialogue, make
sure the verb in the lines are consistent.
Actions occur at different times...
 John walks.
 John walked.
 John will walk.
With separate sentences, it´s easier
to get when an action happens. Exs.:
 John ________ overtime last week.
 John must _______ 12 hrs each day.
 John _________overtime tomorrow.
When separate sentences are in a
paragraph, the time of each action
is more difficult to determine.
Practice 3: Are all verbs consistent here?
A. John entered the library. He speaks
to the librarian. He walked from stack
to stack looking for something in
particular. Finally, John chooses a book.
 THE TIME OF ALL ACTION WORDS
MUST BE THE SAME IN A PARAGRAPH.
COMPLETE THE JOKE
CONSISTENTLY!
B. Worms´ Joke
It ______ the first day of Biology for a group of teenagers. The
professor had ________ a short demonstration for the class.
He ________ a worm and _________ it into a glass of water.
The worm _________about in the water. Then he _______
for a second worm and dropped it into a glass of alcohol.
The worm immediately _______. The professor ______ the
students if anyone ________ what the point of
the demonstration ________. A boy _______ his hand and
________, "You're showing us that if we drink
alcohol, we won´t have worms.“
BE-ARRANGE-TAKE-DROP-WRIGGLE
-GO-DIE-ASK-KNOW-BE-RAISE-SAY
WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF THE VERBS WEREN´T CONSISTENT?
D. VOICE: ACTIVE vrs. PASSIVE
 We use the active when we want to
focus on who does the action.
 We use the passive when we want to
focus on what happens to the object.
Examples:
Costa Ricans import manufactured goods.
Manufactured goods are imported by Costa
Ricans.
Practice 4: Transform into passive
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French people eat snails.
The teacher is using examples.
She opened the back door.
We have written a summary.
Mom had kept a diary.
He will report the news.
The judges would give the results.
I would have cleaned it if you´d asked.
Students can read the book in one month.
The dancers must practice the routine now.
Practice 4: Answers (Notice how
pers. pronouns change to object)
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Snails are eaten by French people.
Examples are being used by the teacher.
The back door was opened by her.
A summary has been written by us.
A diary had been kept by Mom.
The news will be reported by him.
The results would be given by the judges.
It would have been cleaned if you´d asked.
The book can be read in one month by the students.
The routine must be practiced now by the dancers.
LAST JOKE FOR TODAY!
 A man goes to the doctor and says,
"Doctor, please help me. I hurt all over."
The doctor asked the man to explain more.
The man said, "When I touch my arm it
hurts, when I touch my leg it
hurts, when I touch my head it hurts.
Everywhere I touch it hurts."
The doctor examined the man and said, "Mr
Smith, your finger is broken!"