Transcript Why do we need the subjunctive?

Why do we need the
subjunctive?
Subordinate/Dependent Clauses
Mood
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Latin has three moods: indicative, imperative,
and subjunctive.
The indicative is used in main clauses and
refers to the six tenses, active and passive,
that you have already learned.
The imperative is used for commands.
The subjunctive is mainly used in subordinate
clauses.
Clauses
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A clause is a group of words containing a
verb.
There are two types of clauses: main, or
independent; and subordinate, or dependent.
Main clauses can stand alone as complete
sentences.
Subordinate clauses can’t stand alone but
must accompany a main clause.
Subordinate Clauses
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In Latin, many subordinate clauses use the
subjunctive mood.
So far, you have seen three types:
1) Cum circumstantial (cum=when)
Ex.: Cum quattuor diēs navigāvissēmus, subitō
maxima tempestās coorta est.
2) Cum causal (cum=since, because)
Ex.: Magister nāvis, cum valdē timēret, suōs vetuit
nōs adiuvāre.
Indirect Questions
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The third type of clause is an indirect
question.
Direct question: Quī estis? (Who are you?)
Indirect question: Pīrātae rogābant quī
essēmus. (The pirates asked who we were.)
A direct question can use quotation marks,
while an indirect question does not.
Translations for you to try
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Grammaticus Sextum rogāvit ubi esset
Hesperia.
Cum prope rīvum ambulārēmus, Cornēliam et
Flāviam clāmantēs audīvimus.
Cum neque cibum neque aquam habērent,
aegerrimī erant.
In summary
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There are three moods with Latin verbs:
indicative, imperative, and subjunctive.
The subjunctive is most commonly used in
subordinate clauses.
You have seen three subordinate clause types:
cum circumstantial, cum causal, and indirect
question.