Transcript the big dog was barking

Sentences and Meaning
How we use commas for clauses!
,
Chunks of Meaning
Words
• Nouns
• Verbs
• Adjectives
• Adverbs
Chunks of Meaning
Phrases
• Words go together to make phrases
• Phrases don’t make sense on their own
Chunks of Meaning
Clauses
subject
verb
the big dog was barking
At midnight last Wednesday, the big dog was barking
rather wistfully, in the garden behind my house.
• Words and phrases go together to make clauses
• A clause must always have a verb in
• It may also have other chunks, but as long as
there’s only one verb (or verb chain) it’s a single
clause
• Clauses can be put together to make compound
or complex sentences.
Chunks of Meaning
Words
Phrases
Clauses
subject
verb
the big dog was barking
Chunks of Meaning
Words
Phrases
Clauses
subject
verb
the big dog was barking
Sentences
At midnight last Wednesday, the big dog was barking
rather wistfully, in the garden behind my house.
So what about the commas
Sentences
At midnight last Wednesday, the big dog was barking
rather wistfully, in the garden behind my house.
• Only one part of the sentence make sense on its
own – which part?
Sentences
I was really cold, but I didn’t want to get out of bed
for another blanket.
• Two parts of the sentence make sense on their
own – which parts?
Commas can also affect meaning
Sentence
Slow, children crossing.
• Go slowly there are children crossing the road.
Sentence
Slow children crossing.
• This is just describing that there are a group of slow
children crossing something.
Let’s Practice
Our teacher Miss Brown likes giraffes a lot.
The human body is a fantastic thing which we take
for granted but should really take more care of.
School is fun most of the time but can sometimes be
boring.
When you go to sleep you sometimes have dreams
that can turn into nightmares.
She looked around wondering if anyone was following
her when she saw a shadow behind her.
Let’s Practice Answers
Our teacher, Miss Brown, likes giraffes a lot.
The human body is a fantastic thing, which we take
for granted, but should really take more care of.
School is fun, most of the time, but can sometimes
be boring.
When you go to sleep, you sometimes have dreams,
that can turn into nightmares.
She looked around, wondering if anyone was following
her, when she saw a shadow behind her.
Subordinate Clauses
Subordinate clauses are used to add more
information to sentences
Subordinate Clause
Main Clause
Although I was scared, I crept inside.
The boy, who was ten, jumped.
Subordinate Clauses
The main clause still makes sense
without the subordinate clause
Although I was scared, I crept inside.
The boy, who was ten, jumped.
Put a Put
comma
on each
side of
the
subordinate
clause.
a comma
on each
side
ofrelative
the subordinate
part.
Mr Smith
Smith,the
whosecret
worked
as a flicked
secret agent,
flicked
through
the
Mr
agent
through
the paper
silently.
paper silently.
The lady who had grey curly hair and thin-rimmed glasses must
The lady, who had
grey
curly
and thin-rimmed glasses,
have
been
herhair
grandmother.
must have been her grandmother.
The wind which was bitterly cold howled through the trees.
The wind, which was bitterly cold, howled through the trees.
My friend an experienced cook was making dinner.
My friend, who was an experienced cook, was making dinner.
A huge creature covered in scales appeared out of the cave.
A huge creature, covered in scales, appeared out of the cave.
The kitten a purebred tabby was completely adorable.
The kitten, a purebred tabby, was completely adorable.
Emily who
________________
was on
her
way
Emily,
was a small and cheerful
girl,
was
on to
herschool.
way to
school.
The man _________________ crept silently.
The man, who seemed mysterious, crept silently.
The train_______________ sped past the station.
The train, which was late, sped past the station.
The kitten ___________ caught a mouse in the hall.
The kitten, which was only 6 weeks old, caught a mouse in
the hall. is green.
My coat _______
My coat, which was a present from my mum, is green.
Henry ____________ was lost.
Henry, who was a cat/dog/small boy, was lost.
My brother _______ and my sister ________ are
both
muchtall
older
me. who is very
My brother, who
is very
, andthan
my sister,
short , are both much older than me.
More formal writing requires the greater use of these
Parenthesis ( )
Ellipsis ...
Brackets – explanations, additional
information, an aside to the reader
3 dots to show words missing or
unfinished thoughts.
Dash -
Colon :
Dramatic or surprising part of the
sentence.
Introduces ‘that is to say’, or a list.
Hyphen -
Semicolon ;
To from compound words and
connected 2 words.
To join 2 sentences that are closely
connected – a full stop is too strong
Semi-colons
• They’re out to get you they know you stole it.
• They’re out to get you; they know you stole it.
• It was very successful it made a lot of money.
• It was very successful; it made a lot of money.