Transcript modals - Euroakadeemia

MODALS
WHAT IS A MODAL?
 Definition: A verb that combines with
another verb to indicate mood or tense. A
modal (also known as a modal auxiliary)
expresses necessity, uncertainty, ability,
or permission.
 Most linguists agree that there are 10
core or central modals in English: can,
could, may, might, must, ought, shall,
should, will, and would. Other verbs-including need, had better and invariant
be--may also function as modals (or
semi-modals).
 Unlike other auxiliaries, modals have no s, -ing, -en, or infinitive forms. (Because
ought requires a to-infinitive complement,
some linguists regard it as a marginal
modal.)
The source: http://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/modalterm.htm
MODAL VERBS
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CAN
SHOULD
MUST
OUGHT TO
MIGHT
MAY
COULD
WILL
WOULD
SHALL
WILL
 WHEN DO WE USE WILL?
 TO TALK ABOUT THE FUTURE
 TO ASK STH POLITELY
SHALL
 SHALL (I/WE) – TO MAKE
SUGGESTIONS OR TO OFFER STH
 Shall we go now?
 Shall I open the windows?
IS SHALL USED ONLY FOR
I AND WE?
 NO!
 BUT HOW CAN IT BE USED FOR OTHER
SUBJECTS AS WELL?
 IN LEGAL ENGLISH, USED AS OBLIGATION:
The client shall cover expenditure on film prints,
advertising and general distribution costs.
WOULD
 It is a modal auxiliary. Used to make
verbs...
...conditional.
I would like to talk to you...
 Would acts like the past of _______ in
reported speech.
WILL
POLITE OFFERS OR
REQUESTS
 Would you open the door for me?
 Would you like to have a cup of coffee?
CONDITIONAL
SENTENCES
 WHICH TYPE?
THE SECOND CONDITIONAL
Hypothetical sentences
Would you marry me if we bought the house
together?
REPEATED ACTIONS IN
THE PAST
 When I was five, I would eat ice-cream
every evening.
MODALS OF ABILITY
 We use the modal verb ______ to talk
about ability in the present.
I can speak five languages.
 The ability in the past: _____
When he was ten, he could speak five
languages.
 As can or could cannot be used in all
tenses we may use _________ which is
not a modal verb.
Tomorrow I’ll be 18! I will be able to do
so many different and new things!
MODALS OF PERMISSION
 We use the modal verb ______ to talk
about permission or ask for things at
present.
Can I go now, please?
Can you pass me the salt, please?
Can can’t be used in all
tenses...
so we use ________ and ________ which
are not modals.
I am allowed to go to the cinema tonight.
It was permitted.