Transcript Please be prepared to take Cornell notes.

Please be prepared to take
Cornell notes.
Take out your notebooks and be
ready to begin!
Vowels:
a, e, i, o, u
Consonants:
the rest of the alphabet excluding the
vowels.
Y exception:
Y can be either a vowel or consonant
depending on its sound; If y has a vowel
sound (for example, e as in fairy or I as in
sky) its considered a vowel. Y in words
such as yard and year is a consonant
Consonant blend:
is two or more consonants whose sounds can be
blended together. Consonant blends can appear
at the beginning, middle, or end of words
Example: drive
Consonant digraph:
two consonants that combine to make one new
sound
Example: thick shape
phone
change
Consonant cluster:
three consonants together in one syllable of a
word
Example: thrill patch
splash
Vowel pair:
two vowels together that form one long vowel
sound. Usually, the first vowel in the pair stands
for the long vowel sound and the next vowel is
silent
Example: goat
free
tie
Common noun:
name of any person, place, thing or idea
Example: girl,
park
day
Proper noun:
names a particular person, place, thing, or idea
Example: Melissa
Sunday
Yellowstone National Park
Pronoun:
takes the place (replaces) of a noun
Example: I, She, You, …
Verb:
word that expresses action or a state of being; shows
what’s being done or what’s happening.
Example: painted ran
races
Adjective:
gives general information about a noun or a pronoun.
Adjectives tell how many, which one, what kind, or whose
Example: Sixty people were waiting in line (sixty
tells how many)
Adverb:
word that describes a verb, and adjective, or another
adverb. It tells how, when, where, or how much.
Example: The door opened slowly.
(Slowly tells how the door opened)
Conjunction: word that connects a word or group of
words in a sentence.
Use and to join words; Use but to contrast two things or
ideas; Use or to indicate a choice
Example: Ice skating and swimming are my
favorite sports. (and)
Example: I like baseball, but Toby likes football.
(but)
Example: Would you rather go swimming or
shopping? (or)
Preposition: word that connects a noun or pronoun to
another word in the sentence.
Example: Marva waited in the house
Interjection: word that shows strong feelings. It is
usually followed by an exclamation point (!) or by a
comma when the feelings not as strong. (,)
Example: Wow! I got an A on my math test
Sentence:
a group of words that expresses a complete
thought. It names someone or something and
tells what the person or thing did.
Declarative sentence:
makes a statement and ends with a period. (.)
Interrogative sentence:
ask a question and ends with a question mark.
(?)
Imperative sentence:
gives a command and ends with a period. (.)
Exclamatory sentence:
shows surprise or strong feeling and ends with
an exclamation point (!)
Subject:
tells whom or what the sentence is about.
Predicate:
tells what the subject is or does.
Sentence fragment:
is missing either a subject or a predicate and so
does not express a complete thought.
Run-on sentence:
two or more sentences not separated by correct
punctuation, capitalization, or connecting words.
Phrase:
a set of two or more words that expresses a thought or
ideas. Phrases do not contain subject or predicates and
therefore, are not sentences.
Prepositional Phrase:
a set of two or more words beginning with a preposition
Appositives:
gives more information about a noun, pronoun, or phrase.
In a sentence, an appositive comes after the noun,
pronoun, or phrase it describes and is set off by commas.
Example: My cat, Sully, wants to go out.
(An appositive can be left out of a sentence, and the
sentence still makes sense).
Synonyms:
are words that have similar meanings
Example: stop- halt
Antonyms:
words that have the opposite meaning
Example: stop- start
Compound word:
made up of two or more words
Example: head and ache
headache
Context Clues:
familiar words or phrases in a sentence that help
you figure out the meaning of an unfamiliar word.
Homophones:
words that sound the same but have different
meanings and spellings.
Example: here/hear
be/ bee
Homographs:
words that are spelled the same but have
different meanings. Sometimes they have
different pronunciation
Example: Tim had to wear a cast on his
leg.
Alexa was cast in the lead role.
Prefix: group of letters that is added in front of a base word to change
its meaning.
Prefix
COMMON PREFIXES AND THEIR MEANINGS
Meaning
Example
im-
not
impossible
ir-
not
irregular
in-
not
inactive
dis-
opposite of
disappear
mis-
incorrectly
misbehave
pre-
before
preview
re-
again; back
redo
un-
not; opposite of
unhappy
non-
not; lack of
nonsense
semi-
half; partly
semiconductor
co-
jointly
coauthor
mini-
very small
minibus
sur-
beyond
surcharge
PREFIXES THAT TELL THE NUMBER
Prefix
Meaning
Example
Unione
unicycle
Bitwo
bicycle
Tri
three
tricycle
Deciten
decimeter
Centihundred
centimeter
Megamillion
megabyte
Gigabillion
gigabyte
Suffix:
letter or group of letters added to the end of a word that
changes the meaning or part of speech of the base word.
Suffixes can change base words from verbs or nouns into
adjectives or from verbs or adjectives into nouns.
ADJECTIVE-FORMING SUFFIXES
Suffix
Meaning
Example
-y
having; like
lucky
-ful
full of
careful
-less
without
hopeless
-able
able to be
doable
-ish
like; somewhat
impish
-ous
full
prosperous
-ways
in a certain direction
sideways
-ward
in the direction of homeward
Suffix
-ment
NOUN-FORMING SUFFIXES
Meaning
Example
process of; state of
achievement
-ness
quality of being
wholeness
-ship
condition or state of
friendship
-er
one who
leader
-or
one who
actor
-ite
native of
suburbanite
-ism
process or act of
criticism
There are 8 parts of speech:
Noun
Verb
Pronoun
Adjective
Preposition
Interjection
Conjunction
Adverb
When looking for parts of speech in a sentence always do the
following:
1st - Look for the doing verb first, followed by the helping verbs (ask the question what is
happening/what’s being done)
2nd – Look for the subject (ask: who or what is the doing something)
3rd- Look for the adjective (ask: which one, what kind, how many, or whose)
4th- Look for the adverb (ask: how, when, where, how much)
Use your grammar cheat sheet and plug in words…The
word that works best is the answer.