Transcript Adjective Clauses who whom which that whose when where

Adjective Clauses
who
whom
which
that
whose
when
where
We use adjective clauses
also called relative clauses
to identify or give additional
information about nouns
(people, places, or things)
Who and Whom are used only
for people.
Who is the subject of the
clause.
After who you should see a
verb
Whom is the object of the
clause. After whom you
should see a subject (noun or
pronoun)
Sentences with adjective
clauses can be seen as
combination of two
sentences.
I have a friend. + She loves
to shop
I have a friend who loves to
shop.
who
 The man is playing
baseball.
 The man is holding a
bat.
 The man who is
holding the bat is
playing baseball
whom
 I see the doctor in
the room.
 The doctor is my
father.
 The doctor whom
you see in the room
is my father.
Which is used only for things
which can be both subject
and object of the clause.
which
 The telephone is in
your room.
 The telephone is
ringing.
 The telephone which
is in your room is
ringing.
That is used for both people
and things. (less formal than
whom and which)
That can be both subject and
object of the clause.
that
 I see the flowers.
 The flowers are in
the pond
 The flowers that you
see are in the pond.
 I see the flowers that
are in the pond.
Whose is the possessive and
is used for both people and
things and must be followed
by a noun.
Whose + noun can be subject
or object
I heard the scientist whose
work is attracting interest.
I met the scientist whose
work I admire.
whose
 The girl is crying.
 Her cat is sick.
 The girl whose cat is
sick is crying.
The verb in the adjective
clause is singular if the
subject relative clause refers
to a singular noun. It is
plural if it refers to a plural
noun.
Ben is my friend who lives in
Boston.
John and Alex are my friends
who live in Boston.
The boy is my friend.
He lives down the street.
Two news articles were written
by my science professor.
They appeared in the latest
edition of Nova.
The Japanese food is sashimi.
Keith likes it best.
The boy who lives down the
street is my friend.
Two news articles which
appeared in the latest
edition of Nova were written
by my science professor.
The Japanese food that
Keith likes best is sashimi.
The people are very
interesting.
Maria works for them.
The TV newscaster is on
channel 7.
I trust her opinions most.
The people whom Maria
works for are very
interesting.
The TV newscaster whose
opinions I trust most is on
channel 7.
Who
whom
which
that
(0)
can be the object of the
preposition in its clause. If
the preposition is at the
beginning of the clause,
whom or which must be used
In formal English we put the
preposition at the beginning of
the clause. Also, we use only
whom not who or that to refer to
people, and which not that to
refer to things.
He’s the writer who I work for.
He’s the writer for whom I work.
That’s the book that I told you
about.
That’s the book______________
She is a scientist.
We agree with her.
She is a scientist whom we
agree with.
She is a scientist with whom
we agree.
She has developed a theory
which/that (0) we are
interested in. She has
developed a theory in which
we are interested.
Where modifies the noun
place (country, city, building,
house, room, street, and so
on)
I want to know the name of
the city where you were born
When modifies the noun time
( century, year, day, night,)
Your friend wants to know
when you were born.
Adjective Clauses
come in two types:
restrictive and
nonrestrictive
Restrictive adjective clauses
identify the noun or pronoun
modified. They give
information needed in order
to know who or what the
pronoun refers to.
My sister who lives in
California is a doctor.
The car that has broken
headlights belongs to my
brother.
Nonrestrictive adjective
clauses give extra
information about the noun
or the pronoun but is not
needed to identify it.
My sister, who lives in
California, is a doctor.
The Eiffel Tower has an
elevator, which I rode to the
top.
Nonrestrictive
adjective clauses
Use
who, which, whom, whose,
Where, when
In nonrestrictive adjective
clauses
Do not use the relative
pronoun THAT
Do not omit the object
relative pronoun
Always put commas around a
nonrestrictive clause
Adjective phrases
do not have a subject and do
not have a verb. They can
only be formed from clauses
with subject relative
pronouns.
To change an adjective
clause with be to an
adjective phrase, delete the
subject relative pronoun and
the form of be
The book which is written in
Spanish is difficult.
The book written in Spanish
is difficult.
Any students who are in this
class can learn to speak
English.
Any students in this class
can learn to speak English.
To form an adjective phrase
with a verb other than Be,
delete the subject relative
pronoun and change the verb
to its present participle (-ing)
form
People who live in big cities
often see new movies.
People living in big cities
often see new movies
If an adjective clause is
restrictive the adjective
phrase is restrictive.
If an adjective clause is
nonrestrictive, the adjective
phrase is nonrestrictive
The End!