Transcript Adjective Clauses who whom which that whose when where

Adjective Clauses
who
whom
which
that
whose
when
where
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We use adjective clauses
also called relative clauses
to identify or give additional
information about nouns
(people, places, or things)
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Who and Whom are used only for
people.
Who is the subject of the clause.
After who you should see a verb
Whom is the object of the clause.
After whom you should see a
subject (noun or pronoun)
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Sentences with adjective clauses
can be seen as combination of two
sentences.
I have a friend. + She loves to shop
I have a friend who loves to shop.
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who
• The man is playing
baseball.
• The man is holding a
bat.
• The man who is
holding the bat is
playing baseball
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whom
• I see the doctor in the
room.
• The doctor is my
father.
• The doctor whom you
see in the room is my
father.
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Which is used only for things
which can be both subject and
object of the clause.
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which
• The telephone is in
your room.
• The telephone is
ringing.
• The telephone which
is in your room is
ringing.
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That is used for both people and
things. (less formal than whom and
which)
That can be both subject and
object of the clause.
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that
• I see the flowers.
• The flowers are in the
pond
• The flowers that you
see are in the pond.
• I see the flowers that
are in the pond.
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Whose is the possessive and is
used for both people and things
and must be followed by a noun.
Whose + noun can be subject or
object
I heard the scientist whose work is
attracting interest.
I met the scientist whose work I
admire.
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whose
• The girl is crying.
• Her cat is sick.
• The girl whose cat is
sick is crying.
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The verb in the adjective clause is
singular if the subject relative
clause refers to a singular noun. It
is plural if it refers to a plural noun.
Ben is my friend who lives in
Boston.
John and Alex are my friends who
live in Boston.
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The boy is my friend.
He lives down the street.
Two news articles were written by
my science professor.
They appeared in the latest edition
of Nova.
The Japanese food is sashimi.
Keith likes it best.
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The boy who lives down the
street is my friend.
Two news articles which appeared
in the latest edition of Nova were
written by my science professor.
The Japanese food that Keith
likes best is sashimi.
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The people are very interesting.
Maria works for them.
The TV newscaster is on channel
7.
I trust her opinions most.
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The people whom Maria works
for are very interesting.
The TV newscaster whose
opinions I trust most is on
channel 7.
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Who
whom
which
that
(0)
can be the object of the preposition
in its clause. If the preposition is at
the beginning of the clause, whom
or which must be used
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In formal English we put the
preposition at the beginning of the
clause. Also, we use only whom
not who or that to refer to people,
and which not that to refer to
things.
He’s the writer who I work for.
He’s the writer for whom I work.
That’s the book that I told you
about.
That’s the book______________
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She is a scientist.
We agree with her.
She is a scientist whom we agree
with. She is a scientist with whom
we agree.
She has developed a theory
which/that (0) we are interested
in. She has developed a theory in
which we are interested.
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Where modifies the noun place
(country, city, building, house,
room, street, and so on)
I want to know the name of the city
where you were born
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When modifies the noun time
( century, year, day, night,)
Your friend wants to know when
you were born.
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Adjective Clauses
come in two types:
RESTRICTIVE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
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NON RESTRICTIVE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
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Restrictive adjective clauses
identify the noun or pronoun
modified. They give information
needed in order to know who or
what the pronoun refers to.
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My sister who lives in California is a
doctor.
The car that has broken headlights
belongs to my brother.
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Nonrestrictive adjective clauses
give extra information about the
noun or the pronoun but is not
needed to identify it.
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My sister, who lives in California, is
a doctor.
The Eiffel Tower has an elevator,
which I rode to the top.
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Nonrestrictive adjective
clauses
Use
who, which, whom, whose,
Where, when
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In nonrestrictive adjective clauses
Do not use the relative pronoun
THAT
Do not omit the object relative
pronoun
Always put commas around a
nonrestrictive clause
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Adjective phrases
do not have a subject and do not
have a verb. They can only be
formed from clauses with subject
relative pronouns.
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To change an adjective clause with
be to an adjective phrase, delete
the subject relative pronoun and
the form of be
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The book which is written in
Spanish is difficult.
The book written in Spanish is
difficult.
Any students who are in this class
can learn to speak English.
Any students in this class can learn
to speak English.
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To form an adjective phrase with a
verb other than Be, delete the
subject relative pronoun and
change the verb to its present
participle (-ing) form
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People who live in big cities often
see new movies.
People living in big cities often see
new movies
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If an adjective clause is restrictive
the adjective phrase is restrictive.
If an adjective clause is
nonrestrictive, the adjective phrase
is nonrestrictive
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The End!
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