Transcript Slide 1
The Object Complement Patterns Ed McCorduck English 402--Grammar SUNY Cortland http://mccorduck.cortland.edu slide 2: review of subject complements As discussed in the “Verb Patterns and the Be Patterns” lecture and in the “Linking Verbs” lecture, a subject complement (subj comp) refers to the same entity as or attributes a property to the subject of a sentence. For example, in the sentences Beelzebub is evil and Beelzebub is a demon, both the adjective evil in the first sentence and the noun phrase a demon in the second refer to their respective subjects, i.e., in both cases Beelzebub. The sentences are likewise diagramed in similar ways with the headwords of these subject complements on the main line as the verb and separated from it by a slanted line: English 402: Grammar slide 3: Reed-Kellogg diagraming of subject complements reviewed English 402: Grammar slide 4: definition of object complements Similarly, direct objects can also be followed by slots whose occupants co-refer to the same entity as the object. Words and phrases that can fill these slots are called object complements (obj comp). English 402: Grammar slide 5: Pattern IX Pattern IX • NP1 V-tr NP2 ADJ (subj) (pred vb) (dir obj) (obj comp) in this pattern, the ADJ refers to the same entity as the NP2 English 402: Grammar slide 6: examples of Pattern IX sentences exx I | consider | that | ridiculous. NP1 V-tr NP2 ADJ (cf. That is ridiculous) She NP1 (cf. Her men are hot) | likes | her men | hot. V-tr NP2 ADJ Catnip | drives | my little kitties | absolutely nuts. NP1 V-tr NP2 ADJ English 402: Grammar slide 7: Pattern X Pattern X • NP1 V-tr NP2 NP2 (subj) (pred vb) (dir obj) (obj comp) in this pattern, the second NP2 functions as object complement, i.e., it has the same referent as the direct object English 402: Grammar slide 8: examples of Pattern X sentences exx I | consider | him | a nutjob. NP1 V-tr NP2 NP2 (cf. He is a nutjob) They | called | it | the greatest thing since sliced bread. NP1 V-tr NP2 NP2 The club | has named | Ebeneezer | (the) treasurer. NP1 V-tr NP2 NP2 English 402: Grammar slide 9: verbs that can appear in Pattern IX and/or Pattern X sentences Other verbs that can occur in Pattern IX and X sentences (sometimes in only one of the patterns or the other) are find, elect, leave, make and prefer. English 402: Grammar slide 10: Reed-Kellogg diagrams of sentences with object complements In Reed-Kellogg diagrams, object complements are indicated like subject complements, i.e., their headwords occur on the main line preceded by a slant line, but because these complements modify not the subject but the direct object they always immediately follow the direct object (as they do in surface structure). As an illustration, here is the diagram of the sentence I consider that ridiculous where the adjective ridiculous is an object complement: English 402: Grammar slide 11: example of a Reed-Kellogg diagram of a Pattern IX sentence English 402: Grammar slide 12: example of a Reed-Kellogg diagram of a Pattern X sentence And here is the diagram of the sentence I consider him a nutjob where the noun phrase a nutjob is an object complement: English 402: Grammar