Transcript Chapter 5 Grammar I - Boyd County Schools


Write the DLT!
1.
2.
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I can memorize the conjugations of verbs that stemchange eie or oue so I can conjugate stem-changing
verbs in Present Tense.
I can use the verb empezar a + infinitive to say what I
start doing or what others start to do.
Fill in the blank with the correct possessive
adjective and then translate the completed
sentence.
Traemos ________ libros a clase todos los días.
2. Tú vas a llegar a ______ casa tarde.
3. Ella necesita _____ mochila.
4. Juanita y Eduardo van al parque con _____ familia.
5. Yo quiero estudiar ______ palabras de vocabulario.
1.
Stem-Changing Verbs
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Present tense is used to describe actions that occur in the
Present
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I run
I am running
I do run
Do I run?
Every verb in Spanish has a stem followed by an ending.
The stem is everything before the ending and tells the
verb’s meaning. The ending in Spanish can tell you who
is the subject. The infinitive ending doesn’t name a
subject.
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Cantar  to sing
Canto I sing
Cantamos  we sing
To conjugate a verb means to change the verbs from the
infinitive form to match the subject.
 To conjugate a verb in Spanish in Present Tense:
1. Drop the ending from the infinitive (the –ar, -er, or –ir)
2. Add the ending that matches the particular subject
 The following slide will show all the present tense
endings…

-AR verbs
yo
tú
usted
él
ella
Nosotros (as)
Vosotros(as)
ustedes
Ellos(as)
-ER verbs
-IR verbs
-AR verbs
-ER verbs
-IR verbs
yo
-o
-o
-o
tú
-as
-es
-es
usted
-a
-e
-e
él
-a
-e
-e
ella
-a
-e
-e
Nosotros (as)
-amos
-emos
-imos
Vosotros(as)
-áis
-éis
-ís
ustedes
-an
-en
-en
Ellos(as)
-an
-en
-en
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Since the ending of the verb can tell the subject, the
subjects for yo, tú, nosotros, & vosotros can be omitted
because their verb endings ONLY match their subjects.
-AR verbs
-ER verbs
-IR verbs
yo
-o
-o
-o
tú
-as
-es
-es
Nosotros (as)
-amos
-emos
-imos
Vosotros(as)
-áis
-éis
-ís
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These subjects or their subject pronouns can be added to
emphasize or clarify who is being talked about.
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Ana y yo cantamos. (Ana & I sing)
Cantamos. (We sing)
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The subjects usted, él, and ella share the same ending and the
subjects ustedes and ellos share the same endings.
-AR verbs
-ER verbs
-IR verbs
usted
-a
-e
-e
él
-a
-e
-e
ella
-a
-e
-e
ustedes
-an
-en
-en
ellos
-an
-en
-en
As a result, the subject MUST be used to clarify!
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Cantan (They sing or you sing)
Ellos cantan. (They sing)
Ana y usted cantan. (Ana and you sing)
English
Spanish
English
I work
We work
You work
You work
You (ud.) work
You (uds.) work
He works
They work
She works
Spanish
English
Spanish
English
Spanish
I work
Trabajo
We works
Trabajamos
You work
Trabajas
You works
Trabajáis
You (ud.) work
Usted trabaja
You (uds.) work
Ustedes trabajan
He works
Él trabaja
They work
Ellos trabajan
She works
Ella trabaja
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Some verbs have vowel variations in their
stems (the part of the verb before the –ar, -er, or
–ir) and are called stem-changing verbs.
You have already learned jugar where the u
changes to ue, and the verbs querer, tener, and
venir where the e changes to ie.
Stem-changing verbs still use the regular –ar, er, and –ir endings.
The verbs froms for nosotros and vosotros do
NOT stem-change.
English
Spanish
English
I play
We play
You play
You play
You (ud.) play
You (uds.) play
He plays
They play
She plays
Spanish
English
Spanish
English
Spanish
I play
Juego
We play
Jugamos
You play
Juegas
You play
Jugáis
You (ud.) play
Usted Juega
You (uds.) play
Ustedes Juegan
He plays
Él Juega
They play
Ellos Juegan
She plays
Ella Juega
English
Spanish
English
I sleep
We sleep
You sleep
You sleep
You (ud.) sleep
He sleeps
She sleeps
You (uds.)
sleep
They sleep
Spanish
English
Spanish
English
Spanish
I sleep
Duermo
We sleep
Dormimos
You sleep
Duermes
You sleep
Dormís
You (ud.) sleep
Usted Duerme
You (uds.) sleep
Ustedes Duermen
He sleeps
Él Duerme
They sleep
Ellos Duermen
She sleeps
Ella Duerme
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•
•
•
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Jugar (u;ue)
Dormir
Almorzar
Volver
Llover
•
•
•
•
•
To play (games/sports)
To sleep
To have lunch
To return (to a place)
To rain
•Use the word hasta after the verb dormir to say you sleep
until a certain time.
•Los domingos dormimos hasta las once.
•On Sundays we sleep until 11.
English
Spanish
English
I want
We want
You want
You want
You (ud.) want
You (uds.) want
He wants
They want
She wants
Spanish
English
Spanish
English
Spanish
I want
Quiero
We want
Queremos
You want
Quieres
You want
Queréis
You (ud.) want
Usted quiere
You (uds.) want Ustedes quieren
He wants
Él quiere
They want
She wants
Ella quiere
Ellos quieren
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•
•
•
•
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Empezar
Merendar
Entender
Querer
Tener
Venir
•
•
•
•
•
•
To begin
To have a snack
To understand
To want
To have
To come
•You can also use empezar a followed by an infinitive to say
what you or other start to do.
•¿A qué hora empiezan a trabajar tus padres?
•What time do your parents start to work?
•Empiezan a trabajar a las ocho de la mañana.
•They start to work at 8:00am.
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Conjugate the verbs almorzar (o;ue) to have
lunch and merendar (e;ie)-to have a snack.
Be sure to write all forms separately and
include the English meaning for each one!