Transcript Slide 1
Stem-changing verbs are different from regular verbs because when you conjugate these verbs, not only do you change the endings but you also change the stem (except for the nosotros & vosotros form). Quick Review: A verb has two parts - the stem and the ending. For example: perder (to lose) Perd + er Stem Ending Which vowel changes in a stem-changing verb? 1. Start the conjugation process as we normally would: 2. Remove the last two letters (-AR, -ER or -IR.) 3. If the verb is a stem-changer, the very next vowel to the left will be the one that changes: Entender -----> Entend (-er) ---> Entend- ---> Entiend- Preferir ------> Prefer (-ir) ----> Prefer- ----> PrefierYou can use this rule to identify verbs which cannot be stemchangers since only the vowels "E" and "O" can stem-change: Decidir (the next vowel after the ending is removed is an "i" which cannot change) Acampar (the next vowel after the ending is removed is an "a" which cannot change) Buscar (the next vowel after the ending is removed is a "u" which cannot change) In verbs that have an e to ie change, when you conjugate the verb, you change the ‘e’ in the stem to ‘ie’ in all forms except the nosotrosn and vosotros form. Examples of e ie Stem-Changing verbs in the present tense: cerrar – to close comenzar – to begin empezar – to begin pensar – to think entender – to understand perder – to lose querer – to want preferir – to prefer referir – to refer sentir – to feel, to regret Tener (to have) and Venir (to come) are also e-ie stem-changing verbs but these verbs have an irregular ‘yo’ form. Yo TENER – to have tengo Nosotros tenemos Tú tienes Él Ella Usted tiene Yo VENIR – to come vengo Nosotros venimos Vosotros tenéis Tú vienes Ellos Él Ellas Ustedes tienen Ella Usted Vosotros venéis Ellos viene Ellas Ustedes vienen In verbs that have an o to ue change, when you conjugate the verb, you change the ‘o’ in the stem to ‘ue’ in all forms except the nosotros and vosotros form. Examples of o ue Stem-Changing verbs in the present tense: almorzar – to eat lunch contar– to count colgar – to hang costar – to cost encontrar – to meet to find mostrar – to show recordar – to remember volar – to fly poder – to be able to volver – to return dormir – to sleep In the verb, Jugar (to play) the stem-change is u - ue. Yo Jugar – to play juego Nosotros jugamos Tú juegas Él Ella Usted Vosotros jugáis Ellos juega Ellas Ustedes juegan In verbs that have an e to i change, when you conjugate the verb, you change the ‘e’ in the stem to ‘i’ in all forms except the nosotros and vosotros form. Examples of e i Stem-Changing verbs in the present tense: pedir – to ask for, to order repetir – to repeat servir – to serve seguir – to follow, to continue conseguir – to get The verbs Seguir (to follow, to continue) and Conseguir (to get) are e-i stem-changing verbs but these verbs have an irregular ‘yo’ form. You drop the letter ‘u’ in the Yo form. SEGUIR – to follow, to continue CONSEGUIR – to get Yo sigo Nosotros seguimos Yo consigo Nosotros conseguimos Tú sigues Vosotros seguís Tú consigues Vosotros conseguís sigue Ellos Ellas Ustedes Él Ella consigue Usted Él Ella Usted siguen Ellos Ellas consiguen Ustedes