Transcript What determines Climate?

What determines
Climate?
Summers are caused by
• a. a combination of longer days and more
direct rays from the sun.
• b. less direct rays from the sun.
• c. longer days and longer nights.
• d. Earth in its orbit moving closer to the sun.
The seasons are caused by
• a. Earth’s varying distance from the sun.
• b. Earth’s changing rate of rotation.
• c. the tilt of Earth’s axis as Earth revolves
around the sun.
• d. shifting climates on Earth’s surface.
Climates are classified according to
two major factors:
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a.
b.
c.
d.
elevation and precipitation.
latitude and temperature.
elevation and latitude.
precipitation and temperature.
The average, year-after-year conditions of
temperature, precipitation, winds, and cloud in
an area are known as its
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a.
b.
c.
d.
climate.
weather.
global warming.
seasons.
The three kinds of temperate marine climates all
have
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a.
b.
c.
d.
severe winters.
mild winters.
rainy summers.
little rainfall and high temperatures.
Clues to what ancient climates were like come
from all of the following EXCEPT
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a.
b.
c.
d.
fossil trees.
very old weather records.
fossil tree rings.
ancient plant pollens.
During an ice age, Earth’s sea level
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a.
b.
c.
d.
rises.
lowers.
remains unchanged.
rises and lowers rhythmically.
Some scientists theorize that continental
movements may cause climate changes by
• a. changing patterns of winds and ocean
currents.
• b. shifting the equatorial and temperate
zones.
• c. altering the makeup of the troposphere.
• d. redistributing Earth’s vegetation.
Over the past 200 years, the level of carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere has
• a. decreased slightly.
• b. increased until recently, and then
decreased.
• c. increased steadily.
• d. stayed about the same.
Increased carbon dioxide may cause global
warming by
• a. allowing more sunlight into the
atmosphere.
• b. reflecting more sunlight from clouds.
• c. reducing the amount of oxygen in the air.
• d. trapping more heat in the atmosphere.
Earth’s ozone layer
• a. has thickened over the past several years.
• b. filters harmful ultraviolet radiation from
the sun.
• c. exists only over Antarctica.
• d. traps carbon dioxide in the stratosphere.
The sun’s rays are least direct
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a.
b.
c.
d.
near the poles.
near the equator.
at high altitudes.
far from the ocean.
The climate zones lying between 23.5° and 66.5°
north and south latitude are called the
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a.
b.
c.
d.
temperate zones.
polar zones.
tropical zones.
subtropical zones.
Scientists predict that banning the use of
chlorofluorocarbons will
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a.
b.
c.
d.
have no effect on the ozone layer.
gradually restore the ozone layer.
increase ultraviolet light reaching Earth.
increase the rate of ozone depletion.
The climate on the leeward side of a mountain
differs from that on the windward side mostly in
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a.
b.
c.
d.
the strength of the winds.
the direction of the winds.
the angle of sunlight.
the amount of rainfall.
Sea and land breezes over a large region that
change direction with the season are called
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a.
b.
c.
d.
savannas.
prevailing westerlies.
monsoons.
doldrum winds.
Near the end of both March and
September,
• a. spring begins in both hemispheres.
• b. the sun’s rays strike Earth with the same
intensity everywhere.
• c. Earth’s axis is no longer pointing at the
North Star.
• d. neither end of Earth’s axis is tilted toward
the sun.
A tropical wet climate exists in the
United States only in
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a.
b.
c.
d.
Oregon and Washington.
Florida.
Hawaii.
California.
Regions that receive less than 25
centimeters of rain annually are called
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a.
b.
c.
d.
tundras.
savannas.
deserts.
steppes.
A temperate continental climate with short cool
summers and long, bitterly cold winters is the
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a.
b.
c.
d.
polar climate.
subarctic climate.
humid continental climate.
tundra climate.
Permafrost and mosses, lichens, and wildflowers
are common in the
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a.
b.
c.
d.
tundra climate.
subtropical climate.
temperate climate.
ice cap climate.
El Niño is a weather pattern that forms in the
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a.
b.
c.
d.
polar Pacific Ocean.
tropical Pacific Ocean.
tropical Atlantic Ocean.
polar Atlantic Ocean.
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An El Niño event typically occurs every
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a.
b.
c.
d.
year.
1–4 years.
2–7 years.
7–10 years.
___________ temperature zones occur
between tropical and polar zones.
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temperate
polar
tropical
climate
Because of its high __________________,
Mount Kilimanjaro has a cool climate all year.
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altitude
latitude
temperature
mass
The ____________ Hemisphere receives fewer
direct rays from the sun in January than in July.
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South
Eastern
North
Western
Because Earth’s axis is ____________________, the
hemispheres receive different amounts of solar energy
at different times.
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bent
tilted
curved
is moving
Trees do not grow in the ____________________
climate region, which has short, cool summers, bitterly
cold winters, and permafrost.
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savanna
highlands
tundra
desert
A cool type of climate called ____________________ is
found at the tops of mountains and is surrounded by
other climate regions.
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savanna
highlands
tundra
desert
____________________ are forests in which plenty of
rain falls all year.
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savanna
tundra
rainforest
desert
Tundra and ice cap climates are examples of
____________ climates.
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rainy
tropical
polar
maritime
Ancient plant ___________ found in lake
bottoms provides scientists with evidence about
ancient climates.
Scientists observe the thickness of a tree’s
______ to learn about past climate conditions.
During cold periods called
____________________, large parts of Earth’s
surface were covered with sheets of ice.
One possible explanation for past climate
changes is the movement of Earth’s
______________from their previous positions.
Climate changes may be linked to changes in the
number of ________on the surface of the sun.
People add the greenhouse gas _____________
to the atmosphere by burning wood, oil, natural
gas, and coal.
The gradual increase in the temperature of the
atmosphere is known as.________
Humans have damaged the ozone layer by using
_____________in refrigerators and spray cans.