Transcript GIVE ME……

GIVE ME……
Give me an `-a’
What have we got?
Give me an `-a’
What have we got?
• Subject (nominative) singular form of a noun (or
adjective) like puella
– Puella corpora spectat
The girl looks at the bodies
• Subject (nominative) or object (accusative)
plural form of any neuter noun (or adjective)
– Templa spectāmus
– Computātra nōs terrent
We look at the temples
Computers frighten us
Give me an `-ā’
What have we got?
Give me an `-ā’
What have we got?
• Ablative singular of a noun (or adjective) like
puella
– Puer cum puellā ambulat
The boy walks with the girl
– Nōn omnia pecūniā facere possumus
We cannot do everything with money
• Order giving (imperative) singular form of verbs
like spectāre
– Spectā computātrum, Anna!
Look at the computer, Anna!
– Fābulam narrā!
Tell the story!
Give me an `-am’
What have we got?
Give me an `-am’
What have we got?
• Object (accusative) singular form of a noun (or adjective)
like puella
– Puer puellam videt
– Pecūniam quaerō
The boy sees the girl
I’m looking for money
• `I’ (first person singular) form of the future tense of 3rd and
4th conjugation verbs like pōnere, capere and audīre
– Librum in mēnsam pōnam I’ll put the book on the table
– Crās carmen audiam
I’ll hear the song tomorrow
• `I’ (first person singular) form of the imperfect tense of all
verbs (usually with a `b’ between the verb stem and
ending)
– Heri in cubiculō labōrābam
– Quartā hōrā eram in scholā
Yesterday I was working in the bedroom
At 4 o’clock I was in school
Give me an `-ae’
What have we got?
Give me an `-ae’
What have we got?
• Indirect object (dative) singular form of a noun (or
adjective)like puella
– Puer puellae librum dat
– Marcus Iūliae labōrat
The boy gives the girl a book
Marcus works for Julia
• Possessive (genitive) singular form of nouns (or adjectives)
like puella
– Canis puellae latrat
– Servus regīnae clamat
The girl’s dog is barking
The queen’s slave shouts
• Subject (nominative) plural form of nouns (or
adjectives)like puella
– Puellae clamant
– Nautae currunt
The girls shout
The sailors run
Give me an `-ant’
What have we got?
Give me an `-ant’
What have we got?
• `They’ (3rd. person) plural form of the present
tense of 1st. conjugation verbs like spectāre
– Puerī puellās spectant
The boys are looking at the girls
• They’ (3rd. person) plural form of the imperfect
tense of all verbs (there is usually a ``b’ between
the verb stem and the endings)
– Omnēs poētam laudābant All were praising the poet
– Discipulī erant in palaestrā The students were on the
exercise ground
Give me an `-ās’
What have we got?
Give me an `-ās’
What have we got?
• Object (accusative) plural form of a noun(or adjective) like
puella
– Puer puellās spectat
The boy is looking at the girls
• Subject (nominative) singular form of 3rd declension nouns
like civitās
– Civitās tua pācem habet Your state has peace
• `You’ (2nd. Person) singular form of present tense of verbs
like spectāre
– Quid spectās?
What are you looking at?
• `You’ (2nd. Person) singular form of imperfect tense of all
verbs (usually with a `b’ between the ending and the verb
stem)
– Ambulābās ad urbem
You were walking to the city
Give me an `-āmus’
What have we got?
• `We’ (1st Person) plural form of present tense of
verbs like spectāre
– Quid spectāmus?
What are we looking at?
• `We’ (1st Person) plural form of imperfect tense of
all verbs (usually with a `b’ between the ending
and the verb stem)
– Contendēbāmus ad urbem We were hurrying to the city
– Erāmus in cubiculō
We were in the bedroom
Give me an `-at’
What have we got?
Give me an `-at’
What have we got?
• `He/she/it’ (3rd. Person) singular form of present
tense of verbs like spectāre
– Quid spectat?
What is she looking at?
• `He/she/it’ (3rd. Person) singular form of imperfect
tense of all verbs (usually with a `b’ between the
ending and the verb stem)
– Ambulābat ad urbem
– Marcus erat in viā
He was walking to the city
Marcus was in the street
Give me an `-ārum’
What have we got?
Give me an `-ārum’
What have we got?
• Possessive (genitive) plural form of a noun
(or adjective) like puella
– Māter puellārum est fessa
The girls’ mother is tired
Give me an `-ātis’
What have we got?
Give me an `-ātis’
What have we got?
• `You’ (2nd. person) plural form of a verb like
spectātis
– Actōrēs semper spectātis
You’re always looking at actors
• `He/she/it’ (2nd. Person) plural form of imperfect
tense of all verbs (usually with a `b’ between the
ending and the verb stem)
– Ambulābātis ad urbem
– Erātis in viā
He was walking to the city
You were in the street
Give me an `-e’
What have we got?
Give me an `-e’
What have we got?
• Ablative singular form of a 3rd declension noun like pater or lībertās
– Cum patre ambulō
– Sine lībertāte vīvunt
I’m walking with father
They live without freedom
• Subject (nominative) or object (object) neuter singular adjective like
facilis or difficilis, or an adverb formed from them
– Hoc opus est difficile
– Omnia facile intellego
This work is easy
I understand everything easily
Address (vocative) form for nouns (and adjectives) like dominus
– Domine, fessus sum
Master, I’m tired
• Order giving (imperative) imperative form for 3rd conjugation verbs like
regere or capere
– Populum rege!
– Servum cape!
Rule the people!
Capture the slave!
Give me an `-ē’
What have we got?
Give me an `-ē’
What have we got?
• The ending of adverbs formed from many
adjectives of the 1st and 2nd declension
– Per silvam cautē ambulat
He walks carefully through the forest
Order giving (imperative) singular form for
2nd. Conjugation verbs like doceō
– Discipulōs docē!
– Gladium tenē!
Teach the students!
Hold the sword!
Give me an `-em’
What have we got?
Give me an `-em’
What have we got?
• Object (accusative) singular form for
masculine and feminine 3rd declension
nouns and adjectives like urbs, civitās, pater
etc. and for 5th declension nouns (diēs, rēs)
– Urbem pulchram laudō I praise the beautiful city
– Patrem meum videō
I see my father
– Diem nondum cōnstituī I haven’t fixed the day
yet.
Give me an `-ent’
What have we got?
Give me an `-ent’
What have we got?
• `They’ (3rd. person plural) form of present tense of
verbs like docēre
– Quid docent?
What are they teaching?
• `They’ (3rd. person plural) form of future tense of
2nd. and 3rd. conjugation verbs like regere,
capere, audīre
– Urbem regent
– Mīlitēs servum capient
– Carmen audient
They will rule the city
Marcus will catch the slave
They will hear the song
Give me an `-ēs’
What have we got?
Give me an `-ēs’
What have we got?
•
Subject (nominative) and object (accusative) plural form for 3rd declension
masculine and feminine nouns and adjectives like urbs, civitās, pater, rēx,
omnis etc. and for 5th declension nouns (diēs, rēs)
–
–
–
–
•
Patrēs ad urbem currunt
Rēx multās civitātēs regit
Eurōpa paucōs rēgēs habet
Sex diēs in vīllā erat
`You’ (2nd. Person) singular form of present tense of 2nd. conjugation verbs
like doceō
– Discipulōs linguam Anglicam docēs
– Pecūniamne habēs?
•
The fathers run to the city
The king rules many states
Europe has few kings
He was in the villa for six days.
You teach the students English
Have you got the money?
`You’ (2nd. Person) singular form of future tense of 3rd. and 4th. conjugation
verbs like regere, capere, audīre
– Civēs bene regēs
– Capiēsne leōnem?
– Mūsicam nōn audiēs
You will rule the citizens well
Will you capture the lion?
You won’t hear the music
Give me an `-et’
What have we got?
Give me an `-et’
What have we got?
• `He/she/it’ (3rd. person) singular form of present
tense of verbs like docēre
– Quid docet?
What is she teaching?
• `He/she/it’ (3rd. person) singular form of future
tense of 2nd. and 3rd. conjugation verbs like
regere, capere, audīre
– Urbem reget
– Marcus servum capiet
– Iūlia carmen audiet
He will rule the city
Marcus will catch the slave
Julia will hear the song
Give me an `-ēmus’
What have we got?
Give me an `-ēmus’
What have we got?
• `We’ (1st. person plural) form of present tense of
verbs like docēre
– Quid docēmus?
What are we teaching?
• `We’ (1st. person plural)form of future tense of 3rd.
and 4th. conjugation verbs like regere, capere,
audīre
– Urbem regēmus
– Servum capiēmus
– Carmen hodiē audiēmus
We will rule the city
We will catch the slave
We will hear the song today
Give me an `-ētis’
What have we got?
Give me an `-ētis’
What have we got?
• `You’ (2nd. person plural) form of present tense of
verbs like docēre
– Quid docētis?
What are you teaching?
• `We’ (1st. person plural) form of future tense of
3rd. and 4th. conjugation verbs like regere, capere,
audīre
– Urbem regētis
– Servum capiētis
– Carmen hodiē audiētis
You will rule the city
You will catch the slave
You will hear the song today
Give me an `-eram’
What have we got?
Give me an `-eram’
What have we got?
• As an independent verb, this is the`I’ (1st.
person singular) form of the imperfect of
esse, as an ending it is the 1st person
singular form of the pluperfect tense of any
verb:
– Fessus eram quod nōn dormīveram.
I was tired because I had not slept
– Vōlēbam Rōmam, quam numquam visitāveram,
vidēre.
I wanted to see Rome, which I had never visited
Give me an `-erāmus’
What have we got?
Give me an `-erāmus’
What have we got?
• As an independent verb, this is the`We’ (1st.
person plural) form of the imperfect of esse,
as an ending it is the 1st person plural form
of the pluperfect tense of any verb:
– Fessī erāmus quod nōn dormīverāmus.
We were tired because I had not slept
– Vōlēbāmus Rōmam, quam numquam
visitāverāmus, vidēre.
I wanted to see Rome, which I had never visited
Give me an `-erās’
What have we got?
Give me an `-erās’
What have we got?
• As an independent verb, this is the`You’ (2nd.
person singular) form of the imperfect of esse,
as an ending it is the 2nd. person singular
form of the pluperfect tense of any verb:
– Fessus erās quod nōn dormīverās.
You were tired because you had not slept
– Vōlēbās Rōmam, quam numquam visitāverās,
vidēre.
You wanted to see Rome, which you had never visited
Give me an `-erat’
What have we got?
Give me an `-erat’
What have we got?
• As an independent verb, this is the`He/she/it’
(3rdd. person singular) form of the imperfect
of esse, as an ending it is the 3rd. person
singular form of the pluperfect tense of any
verb:
– Fessus erat quod nōn dormīverat.
He was tired because he had not slept
– Vōlēbāt Rōmam, quam numquam visitāverat,
vidēre.
He wanted to see Rome, which he had never visited
Give me an `-erant’
What have we got?
Give me an `-erant’
What have we got?
• As an independent verb, this is the`they’ (3rd.
person plural) form of the imperfect of esse,
as an ending it is the 3rd. person plural form
of the pluperfect tense of any verb:
– Fessī erant quod nōn dormīverant.
They were tired because they had not slept
– Vōlēbant Rōmam, quam numquam visitāverant,
vidēre.
They wanted to see Rome, which they had never
visited
Give me an `-erātis’
What have we got?
Give me an `-erātis’
What have we got?
• As an independent verb, this is the`you’ (2nd.
person plural) form of the imperfect of esse,
as an ending it is the 2nd. person plural form
of the pluperfect tense of any verb:
– Fessī erātis quod nōn dormīverātis.
You were tired because you had not slept
– Vōlēbātis Rōmam, quam numquam visitāverātis,
vidēre.
You wanted to see Rome, which you had never visited
Give me an `-ī’
What have we got?
Give me an `-ī’
What have we got?
• Dative singular of 3rd declension nouns and adjectives like
urbs, civitās, pater, rēx, omnis etc.
– Patrī pecūniam dedērunt They gave father the money.
• Ablative singular of a few 3rd declension nouns like animal,
mare etc. and of most 3rd declension adjectives like omnis,
facilis, ferox etc.
– Nāvēs sunt in marī
– Cum animālī ferōcī
The ships are on the sea.
With a ferocious animal
• `I’ (1st. person singular) form of perfect tense of all verbs
– Vēnī, vīdī, vīcī
I cam, I saw, I conquered
• Order giving (imperative) singular form of 4th conjugation
verbs like audīre
– Mea verba intentē audī!
Listen carefully to my words!
Give me an `-is’
What have we got?
Give me an `-is’
What have we got?
• Genitive singular of 3rd declension nouns and adjectives
like urbs, civitās, pater, rēx, omnis etc.
– Sum amīcus rēgis
– Dux civitātis adest
They gave father the money.
The leader of the state is here
• `You’ (2nd person) singular form of 3rd conjugation verbs
like regere, capere etc.
– Pānem et cāseum edis
– Cum animālī ferōcī
You are eating bread and cheese.
With a ferocious animal
• Following –āb- or ēb-,`you’ (2nd person) singular form of
future tense of 1st. and 2nd. Conjugation verbs like amō and
moneō
– Discipulōs crās docēbis You will teach the students tomorrow
– Num Caesārem necābis? Surely you won’t kill Caesar?
Give me an `-īs’
What have we got?
Give me an `-īs’
What have we got?
• Dative and ablative plural of 1st and 2nd declension nouns
and adjectives like ancilla, dominus, templum, bonus etc.
– Cum amīcīs meīs vēnī
– Puellīs cibum dedērunt
I came with my friends.
They gave the girls food.
– Nōn saepe venīs
– Audīsne verba mea?
You don’t often come.
Do you hear my words?
– Hostīs fortiter oppugnat
– Multās urbīs vīdimus.
He bravely attacks the enemy
We saw many cities.
• `You’ (2nd person) singular form of 4rd conjugation verbs
like audīre, venīre etc.
• An alternative form (instead of normal –ēs) for the
accusative plural of masculine and feminine 3rd declension
nouns with genitive plural in –ium, like urbs, hostis, animal
etc.
Give me an `-istī’
What have we got?
Give me an `-istī’
What have we got?
• `You’ (2nd person) singular form of the
perfect tense of any verb
– Intellēxistīne?
Have you understood?.
– Cur mē relīquistī? Why have you abandoned me?
– Eam iam vīdistī You have already seen her
Give me an `-istis’
What have we got?
Give me an `-istis’
What have we got?
• `You’ (2nd person) plural form of the perfect
tense of any verb
– Intellēxistisne?
Have you understood?.
– Cur mē relīquistis? Why have you abandoned me?
– Eam iam vīdistis
You have already seen her
Give me a `-bus’
What have we got?
Give me a `-bus’
What have we got?
• Dative and ablative plural of 3rd declension nouns
and adjectives except for the 2nd (dominus,
templum) declension and most . It is normally
added after a linking `-i-’ but comes after the stem
vowel –ā- for fīlia and dea (the regular ending would
be –īs but this would cause confusion with deus and
fīlius) and –ē- for the 5th declension (rēs, diēs)
–
–
–
–
–
Cum mīlitibus vēnistī
Statuam rēgibus dabō
Nāvēs in portibus sunt
Sex diēbus perveniēmus
Deābus sacrificium faciam
You came with the soldiers.
I’ll give a statue to the kings
The ships are in the harbours
We will arrive in six days.
I will sacrifice to the goddesses.
Give me an `-īs’
What have we got?
Give me an `-īs’
What have we got?
• Dative and ablative plural of 1st and 2nd declension nouns and
adjectives like ancilla, dominus, templum, bonus etc.
– Puellīs librōs trādidī
– Mīlitibus bonīs crēdō
I handed the books to the girls.
I trust the good soldiers
• `You’ (2nd person) singular form of 4th conjugation verbs like
audīre, dormīre etc.
– Audīs clāmōrēs cīvium
– Semper dormīs!
You hear the shouts of the citizens.
You are always sleeping
• [As an alternative to –ēs in the accusative plural of masculine
and feminine 3rd declension nouns with genitive plural in –ium,
like urbs, hostis, fūstis etc.
– Multās urbīs visitāvī
I visited many cities ( In prose, multās urbēs
would be more common) ]
Give me an `-it’
What have we got?
Give me an `-it’
What have we got?
• `He/she/it’ (3rd person singular) form of 3rd and 4th conjugation
verbs like regere, capere, audīre.
– Caesar Rōmam regit
Caesar is ruling Rome.
– Discipulus poētam audit The student listens to the poet
• `He/she/it’ (3rd person singular) form of the perfect tense of all
verbs like audīre, dormīre etc.
– Marcus fuit hērōs
– Rēx Aegyptum vīcit
Marcus was a hero.
The king conquered Egypt
• After –āb- or -ēb-, `he/she/it’ (3rd person singular) form of the
future of 1st and 2bd conjugation verbs like amō and moneō
– Puella omnēs dēlectābit The girl will delight everybody.
– Terrās novās vidēbit
He will see new lands
Give me an `-imus’
What have we got?
Give me an `-imus’
What have we got?
• `We’ (1st person plural) form of present tense of 3rd
conjugation verbs like regere and capere.
– Rōmam contendimus
– Cēnam edimus
We hurry to Rome.
We’re eating dinner
• `We’ (1st person plural) form of the perfect tense of all verbs.
– Marcum cēpimus
– Eum Spartam mīsimus
We’ve captured Marcus
We sent him to Sparta
• After –āb- or -ēb-, `we’ (1st person plural) form of the future of
1st and 2nd conjugation verbs like amō and moneō
– Fūrem pulsābimus
– Historiam docēbimus
We will hit the thief.
We will teach history
Give me an `-īmus’
What have we got?
Give me an `-īmus’
What have we got?
• `We’ (1st person plural) form of present
tense of 4th conjugation verbs like audīre.
– Audīmus carmina
– In vīllā dormīmus
We listen to the songs.
We sleep in the villa
Give me an `-itis’
What have we got?
Give me an `-itis’
What have we got?
• `You’ (2nd person) plural form of present tense of 3rd
conjugation verbs like regere and capere.
– Rōmam contenditis
– Cēnam editis
You hurry to Rome.
You’’re eating dinner
• `After –āb- or -ēb-, `you’ (2nd person) plural form of
the future of 1st and 2nd conjugation verbs like amō
and moneō
– Fūrem pulsābitis
– Historiam docēbitis
You will hit the thief.
You will teach history
Give me an `-ītis’
What have we got?
Give me an `-ītis’
What have we got?
• `You’ (2nd person plural) form of present
tense of 4th conjugation verbs like audīre.
– Audītis carmina
– In vīllā dormītis
You listen to the songs.
You sleep in the villa
Give me an `-ō’
What have we got?
Give me an `-ō’
What have we got?
• Dative or ablative singular of 2nd declension nouns like dominus and
templum
– Pecūniam servō dedī
– Leōnem gladiō necāvī
I gave money to the slave
I killed the lion with a sword
• `I’ (1st person singular) form of present tense of almost all verbs (-eō in
2nd conjugation verbs like, -iō for 4th. Conjugation and for a few 3rd.
Conjugation verbs like capiō)
– Iūliam valdē amō
– Veritātem dīcere audeō
– Animālia saepe capiō
I love Julia very much
I dare to speak truth
I often catch animals
• Following –āb- or -ēb-.`I’ (1st person singular) of future tense of 1st and
2nd. conjugation verbs like amō and moneō
– Discipulōs adiuvābō
– Gladium tenēbō
I will help the students
I will hold the sword
Give me an `-unt’
What have we got?
Give me an `-unt’
What have we got?
• `They’ (3rd person plural) form of present tense of 3rd and 4th
conjugation verbs (with a preceding-i- for 4th conjugation and for a few
3rd. Conj. verbs like capere and facere)
– In cubiculō dormiunt
– Ad montēs contendunt
– Discipulī pēnsa faciunt
They’re sleeping in the bedroom
They hurry to the mountains
The students are doing homework.
• Following –āb- or -ēb-,`they’ (3rd person singular) of future tense of 1st
and 2nd. conjugation verbs like amō and moneō
– Iūliam valdē amābunt
– Veritātem dīcere audebunt
– Puerī animālia saepe necābunt
They will love Julia very much
They will dare to speak the truth
The boys will often kill animals
• Following –-ēr-,`they’ (3rd person plural) form of perfect tense of all
verbs
– Discipulōs vīdērunt
– Gladium tenuērunt
They helped the students
They held the sword