Transcript El presente

Por Mateo L.
El presente
 The present tense is used to speak of actions that are
currently occurring, will occur, or just recently
transpired.
 There are three types of verb endings in the Spanish
langauge (ar, er, and ir), and each has a different
conjugation.
 There are also a plentiful amount of irregular cases
where exceptions will be made.
-AR
 The endings for –AR verbs in the present are:
Singular
Plural
1st Person
o
amos
2nd Person
as
áis
3rd Person
a
an
 For example, the conjugation or mirar would be:
Singular
Plural
1st Person
miro
miramos
2nd Person
miras
miráis
3rd Person
mira
miran
-ER
 Verbs ending in –ER have the following conjugation:
Singular
Plural
1st Person
o
emos
2nd Person
es
éis
3rd Person
e
en
 The conjugation of comer would be:
Singular
Plural
1st Person
como
comemos
2nd Person
comes
coméis
3rd Person
come
comen
-IR
 IR verbs have the following endings:
Singular
Plural
1st Person
o
imos
2nd Person
es
ís
3rd Person
e
en
 Notice that IR verbs have the same endings as ER
verbs, excluding nosotros and vosotros forms.
 The conjugation of existir would be:
Singular
Plural
1st Person
existo
existimos
2nd Person
existes
existís
3rd Person
existe
existen
Ejemplos del Verbos Regulares
1. Nosotros _____ (look for) un regalo para ti.
buscamos
2. La maestra _______ (divided) la clase en grupos.
divide
3. Yo _____ (open) las ventanas durante la noche.
abro
4. Tú _____ (sing) como una morsa (walrus).
cantas
5. Pedro y tú me _______ (call) por teléfono.
llamáis(vosotros)/llaman (Uds.)
Stem Changers
 Certain verbs vary the standard conjugation in the –yo,
-tú, - él/ella/usted, and –ellos/ellas/ustedes forms.
 These verbs are usually designated by a specific letter
after the verb in paranthesis.
 Stem changers are arranged by which letter in the verb
is changed. They include:
 e  ie
 ei
 o  ue
 u  ue
Stem Changers: e  ie
 The e is targeted in specific vowels to change.
 If there are more than one e, it is always the last e in
the verb (excluding if the verb ends in –er)
 An example using perder:
Singular
Plural
1st Person
pierdo
perdimos
2nd Person
pierdes
perdéis
3rd Person
pierde
pierden
 Other examples include tener, venir, cerrar, comenzar,
divertirse, merendar, nevar, mentir, pensar, preferir,
querer, recomendar, sentarse, sentirse, and empezar.
Stem Changers: e  i
 Verbs that target the e may also change to an i.
 It is always the last e targeted (exluding –er verbs).
 An example using pedir:
Singular
Plural
1st Person
pido
pedimos
2nd Person
pides
pedís
3rd Person
pide
piden
 Other examples include repetir, seguir, servir, vestirse,
medir, and decir.
Stem Changers: o  ue
 Some stem changers involve the changing of the final o
to a ue.
 An example using poder:
Singular
Plural
1st Person
puedo
podemos
2nd Person
puedes
podéis
3rd Person
puede
pueden
 Other examples include acostarse, almorzar, contar,
costar, despertarse, dormir, encontrar, llover, morir,
mostrar, probarse, recordar, soler, volver, devolver, and
aprobarse.
Stem Changers: u  ue
 Other stem changers involve the changing of the
second u to a ue.
 An example using jugar:
Singular
Plural
1st Person
juego
jugamos
2nd Person
juegas
jugáis
3rd Person
juega
juegan
“Go” Verbos
 Certain verbs take a special ending in their –yo form
endings only.
 These verbs are called “go” verbs, and include traer,
valer, hacer, oír, poner, salir, decir, venir, and tener.
 Verbs may still take stem changer endings, but their –yo
form changes to a –go.
 Tener:
Traer:
Singular
Plural
tenGO
tenemos
1st Person
2nd Person tienes
tenéis
2nd Person traes
traéis
3rd Person
tienen
3rd Person
traen
1st Person
tiene
Singular
Plural
traiGO
traemos
trae
“OY” Verbos
 Similar to go verbs, “oy” verbs take a special ending in
their –yo forms; each form is irregular, however.
 Ir: to ho
Ser: to be
Singular
Plural
voy
vamos
1st Person
2nd Person vas
vais
2nd Person eres
sois
3rd Person
van
3rd Person
son
1st Person
va
 Estar: to be
Singular
Plural
soy
somos
es
Dar: to give
Singular
Plural
estoy
estamos
1st Person
2nd Person estás
estáis
2nd Person das
dais
3rd Person
están
3rd Person
dan
1st Person
está
Singular
Plural
doy
damos
da
Saber, Haber, y Caber
 Saber , haber, and caber all have irregular forms that
cannot be classified into a group.
 Saber
Haber
Singular
Plural
sé
sabemos
2nd Person sabes
sabéis
3rd Person
saben
1st Person
sabe
 Caber

1st Person
Plural
2nd Person cabes
cabéis
3rd Person
caben
cabe
Plural
1st Person
he
hemos
2nd Person
has
habéis
3rd Person
ha
han
***Haber, however, is only used in the form of hay
when describing existence. The above
conjugation
is for the present-perfect***
cabemos
Singular
quepo
Singular
-ZCO Verbos
 Similar to oy and go verbs, certain verbs change to –zco
in their yo forms.
 Conducir
Singular
Plural
1st Person
conduZCO
conducimos
2nd Person
conduces
conducís
3rd Person
conduce
conducen
 Other verbs that have this ending include producir,
ofrecer, and conocer.
Otros –yo transformaciones
 -Cer/Cir  z
 vencer  venzo
ejercer  ejerzo
 -Ger/Gir  j
 coger  cojo
exigir  exijo protoger  protejo
afligir  aflijo
fingir  finjo
 -Guir  g (gu  u)
 corregir (elegir the same)
seguir
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
1st Person
corrijo
corregimos
1st Person
sigo
seguimos
2nd Person
corriges
corregís
2nd Person
sigues
seguís
3rd Person
corrige
corrigen
3rd Person
sigue
siguen
Verbos con –iar y -uar
 Specific verbs with consecutive vowels need to be
stressed, so the vowel must contain an accent.
 Enviar
Continuar
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
1st Person
envío
enviamos
1st Person
continúo
continuamos
2nd Person
envías
enviáis
2nd Person
continúas
continuáis
3rd Person
envía
envían
3rd Person
continúa
continúan
 Also include confiar,
espiar, fiarse, guiar,
resfriarse, and variar
Include actuar and graduarse
Verbos como gustar
 Certain verbs are not conjugated at all; only a subject is
needed to agree with the noun.
 The most common example of this group is gustar(le).
 DOPs are used here (direct object pronous)
Singular
Plural
1st Person
me
nos
2nd Person
te
os
3rd Person
le
le
 Gustar is conjugated to match the subject; singular or
plural forms ONLY!
(gusta; gustan)
 Verbs that follow gustar like this include: caer(le),
chocar(le), encantar(le), faltar(le), fasincar(le),
fastidiar(le), molestar(le), parecer(le), importar(le),
tocar(le), and interesar(le).
 To add emphasis to these words, (A + subject) may be
added before the expression.
 Yo  A mí
 Tú  A ti
 The rest  A (the noun)
Ejemplos de todo
1. El programa ______ (concludes) después de cinco horas.
concluye
2. Tú ______ (tell) un chiste a nosotros.
cuentas
3. A mí _______ (seems to me) que la fiesta ______ (begins)
a las siete.
me parece
empieza
4. Nosotros ______ (return) el regalo.
devolvemos
5. Ellos ____ (sit) en el suelo.
se sientan
6. Yo no _____ (fit) en la puerta.
quepo
7. Vosotros _____ (grow) muy rápidamente.
crecéis
8. Nosotros _____ (go) a la tienda los domingos.
vamos
9. ______ (it thunders) mucho durante una tormenta.
Truene
10. Tú me _____ (spy) cuando yo _____ (go out) con un
chico guapo.
espías
salgo
11. A ella ______ (hates) esta canción.
le choca
12. Nosotros no ______ (want) morir hoy.
queremos
13. Yo siempre _____ (have fun) cuando yo _____ (am)
contigo.
me divierto
estoy
14. Usted no _____ (dress oneself) esta tarde.
se viste
15. Vosotros no _____ (catch) la pelota.
cogéis
16. Yo siempre _____ (conquer) mis enemigos.
venzo
17. A vosotros ______ (really like) cocinar para mí.
os encanta
18. Ellos ______ (follow) mis instruciones mal.
siguen
19. Tu madre _____ (graduate) de la U hoy.
se gradúa
20. Tú ______ (close) la puerta a mí muchas veces.
cierras
21. Ellas _____ (move) sus cosas a menudo.
mueven
22. El fuego _____ (destroys) la casa lentamente.
destruye
23. Nosotros ____ (are) enemigos ahora.
somos
24. Yo siempre ______ (protect) mis animales de peluche.
protejo
25. Usted ____ (come) a la fiesta tarde muchas veces.
viene