Transcript tcap language

Mrs. Eggleston’s TCAP
Review
Language Arts and Reading
Quick facts
Types of Sentences
• 4 types of sentences
are:
1. Declarative (statement)
2. Interrogative (question)
3. Exclamatory (excitement)
4. Imperative (command)
Remember sentences start with a
capital letter & end with
punctuation.
Subjects and Predicates
Complete subject &
Predicate
• The subject is who or what
the sentence is about.
Simple subject & predicate
• The simple subject is just
one word that tells subject.
• The dog barked all night long.
• The cat ran up a tree.
• The predicate tells what the
subject did.
• The dog barked all night long.
• The simple predicate just
one word, the verb.
• The cat ran up a tree.
Nounsa person place or thing
Common nouns
Proper Nouns- Name a
certain, place or thing
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Cat
Dog
State
Beach
Lake
River
Desk
Chair
Dusty
Toven
Tennessee
Gulf Shores, Beach
Beech Lake
Tennessee River
Lexington
Nashville
Pronouns
Take the place of Regular Nouns
Singular- I, me and mine
Your, yours and you’ve
He,she,it, him and hers
Plural
They, we, us, ours, them
Subject- I, My, He, She, It, Your, They, We
Verbs
• Verbs are words that
are action words.
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run
Jump
Catch
Fetch
climb
• Adverbs describe the
verb, tells how the verb
did. Most adverbs end
in( ly)
• John quickly ran to the
gym.
• Mrs. Brandy said to
read books quietly.
• Hunter waited patiently
to test on the computer.
Adjectivesdescribe a person place or thing
• The girl had on a red
hat.
• The green frog hopped
away.
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Nice
Mean
Ugly
Cute
Friendly
Tall
Short
funny
Contractionscombine words with an (‘) to make a
shorter word
• Can + not = can’t
• Should + not =
shouldn’t
• Would + not= wouldn’t
• Have + not = haven’t
• Did + not = didn’t
• Do + not= don’t
• Were + not = weren’t
• Is + not= isn’t
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I am =I‘m
you are =you're
he is =he's
she is =she's
they will =they'll
she will =she'll
Facts and Opinions
• Facts can be proven or
disproven
• Can look it up on the
internet, book, article,
etc.
• It rained over an inch
last night. ( can you
prove this?)
• Opinion is what
someone thinks.
• Mrs. Karissa hair looks
bad. ( can you prove
this?)
Cause and effect
• A cause is something that
makes something else happen
• An effect is what happens as a
result of the cause.
• CAUSE
• EFFECT
• The boy kicked the ball.
• The girl teased the cat.
• The ball rolled down the
street.
• The cat growled.
• Sally studied hard for a test.
• Sally earned an A on her test.
• Joe became really tired.
• Joe went to sleep early.
Sequence of Events
the order in which the steps happen
• Example:
• Look for signal words
like first, next, last,
• The Gainesville City Zoo
just received its first three
before, after and
animals. The first animal
finally to help you
it received was a deer.
figure out the
The second animal it
received was a monkey.
sequence.
The third animal it
• You can also use
received was a lion.
Children in Gainesville are
other word clues in
excited about the opening
the text or your own
of the zoo!
knowledge.
Author’s purpose
why did the author write this?
• 3 purposes:
• To inform- tells &
explains you something
• To entertain- story
telling
• To persuade- try to get
you to buy or do
something. (advertising,
opinions, etc.)
• Example why did the
author write this?
• Everyone should have a
pet. Pets are very
loving and
affectionate. They help
children learn
responsibility. Pets give
you unconditional
love. Having a pet is a
wonderful experience.
Parts of a book
• Spine- is the backbone of the
book.
• Illustrator- person who draws
the pictures.
• Cover- protects the pages of a
book.
• Glossary- mini dictionary.
• Table of Contents- list of
chapters.
• Author- person who writes the
book.
• Copyright date- Date the book
was printed.
• Publisher- Company that
prints the book.
• Index- Alphabetical list of
terms with page # to find
quickly.
• Illustrations- another word for
pictures.
• The title page is
the first page in
the book.
It tells you the title of the
book, who wrote it (the
author) and who drew
the pictures (the
illustrator). It also tells
you who published the
book.
Parts of a book 2
• Glossary- like a small
dictionary where you
look up words
• Table of contentsChapter list, title and page
number.
• Index- list of terms
used in the book with
the page number.
Types of References
• Dictionary- list of
words, spelling,
meaning and
pronunciation.
• Atlas- a book of maps
• Almanac- a book of
records, has moon
phases, planting times,
records facts, etc.
• Encyclopedia- a book of
facts on a certain topic
or person.
The INTERNET IS THE BEST REFRENCE THESE
DAYS- website must be factual not trying to sell
you something or someone’s opinion.
Main idea
tells what a story is mostly about.
• The main idea of a
paragraph tells the
topic of the paragraph.
The topic tells what all
or most of the
sentences are about.
• Usually found in the
first paragraph.
Main Idea 2
• The other sentences in the
paragraph are called details.
Details describe or explain
the main idea.
• What is the main idea of
the passage?
• Example:
• Soccer players learn many
skills when playing soccer.
Soccer players learn how to
dribble and pass the ball.
They also learn how to
control the ball so they can
eventually score. Most
importantly, soccer players
learn how to work together
with their teammates.
Story Elements
 Setting- where the story takes
place
 Characters- people or animals in
the story
 Plot – what happens in the story.
( problem)
 Climax- high exciting part of the
story
 Theme-what the story is trying to
teach you.
 Resolution- how they solved the
problem
Types of Stories
• Nonfiction- a true
story, with facts.
• the author is an expert
on this information
• it IS TRUE!
• Fiction- a make believe
story. can tell about
things that could
happen
• is read for fun
• characters may be like
real people or
imaginary
Story Genres:
1. Historical fiction is
made up of stories
that take place in a
certain time and place
in the past. Real
historical figures and
settings may be
included in a fiction
story
Sign of the Beaver
2. Realistic fiction is
made up of stories that
could really happen.
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Because of Winn Dixie
How to Eat Fried Worms
Shiloh
The Candy Corn Contest
Babysitter Club series
Genres: 2
3. Fairy Tale -Special beginning
and/or ending words - Once
upon a time...and they lived
happily ever after.
• Good character
• Evil character
• Royalty and/or a castle
usually present
• Magic happens
• Problem and a Solution
• Cinderella
• Magic Tree House series
• 4 Poetry -is verse written
to inspire thoughts and
feelings in the reader. It
often uses rhyme and
rhythm, or it can be
written in free verse.
Genres: 3
• 5. A biography is the
true story of a real
person’s life from the
past or present.
• 6. Folklore includes
stories, myths, and
fables that people told
one another over the
years.
• Later the stories were
written down.
• Why Mosquitoes Buzz
in People’s Ears
• Aesop’s Fables
Poems
• Poems are written in
stanzas
• Not all poems Rhyme,
but most have a beat.
• Usually about nature
• Written to entertain
you.
Root/Base Words
• Root word/base word is
what the foundation of
the word is created
from:
• We add suffixes and
prefixes to change the
word meaning.
• Look at the next pages
for more samples.
• Agreement
• Loudest
• brighter
Suffixes
• Come at the end of a
word to change the
meaning.
• able, -ible capable of
being
edible, presentable
• -er, -or one who
trainer, protector
• -less without
endless
• -ful- full of something
grateful, thoughtful
Prefixes
• Comes at the beginning
of the word to change
the meaning.
• Re- do again ( redo)
(rewrite)
• Un- not ( undo) ( untie)
• Dis- means not (dislike )
• Pre- do before (preheat)
(prevent) (prewrite)
Synonyms and Antonyms
• Synonyms mean the
same
• Big- huge, large
• Small –tiny
• Hard- tough
• Antonyms mean the
opposite
• Fat-skinny
• Loud-soft
• Fast –slow
• Pretty – ugly
• Hot – cold
• Mean- nice.
Unravel Strategy (Use as your Guide for Success)
UNRAVEL
Unravel for Improving Reading Comprehension and Test Scores
U Underline the title.
Read the title, get a clue to what the story is about, and make a connection.
N-Now predict what the passage is about (connect to the title)
R Read the questions first.
Notice the important words. This helps you to know what you are trying to find out when reading. This also gives you many clues
about the general idea of the story.
A-Are you circling the important words?
This helps your eyes and brain focus on important ideas and also helps you to double check more quickly. Don’t circle too many
words and don’t circle unimportant words. We will learn how to narrow our focus on this throughout the year.
V-Venture and read and underline answers.
This means read through the text. As you find answers to your questions, underline or circle them. You can answer the questions
as you read. Write the paragraph number next to the answers to help you double check your work.
E-Eliminate the wrong answers.
Play trash and treasure with your multiple-choice answers. Take out the trash by marking through answers that don’t make sense
in order to narrow down the best choices.
L-Let the questions be answered.
Choose your answers.
Don’t just let yourself, MAKE yourself double-double check your work. Reread your important words, go back and read what you
underlined, ask yourself if your answer makes sense, and did you truly answer the question that was asked.
This is the difference between ok work and great work.
12 powerful words
Most test questions are built
around these 12 words. If
students can understand the
question being asked, most of the
time they can figure out the
answer easily. We have a song
that goes with these words. Ask
you child to sing and do the
movements. Music and song has
shown to help students
remember the information being
presented and easily recalled
from memory.
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Trace- outline
Analyze- break apart
Infer- read between the lines
Evaluate- judge
Formulate- create
Describe- tell all about it
Support- back it up
Explain- tell me how
Summarize- short version
Compare- tell how they are alike
Contrast- how they are different
Predict- think about the future
Correcting sentences will be a big
focus on this test. Look for errors
and practice errors in writing. Like
not capitalizing words,
If you will study this packet nightly, apply these
concepts, think about what we have covered in class,
this test will be easy. There will be words and skills
we have not covered, but you do not pick those
because the test will try to trick you. Pay attention to
none of the above or all the above answer choices
most of the time, that is you answer apply the
unravvel system and your 12 powerful words ;)
Nightly Review Parent Sign Page
• Please sign every night
that you review this
packet with your child
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Date & Signature
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