Transcript Passive Voice

Passive Voice
-r
-mur
-ris
-mini
-tur
-ntur
amor
amaris
amamur
amamini
amatur
amantur
How to translate passives:
Amor
I am loved
Amamur
We are loved
Amaris
You are loved
Amamini
You guys are loved
Amatur
She is loved
Amantur
They are loved
Passive System
Amo
Think of principal parts:
Amare Amavi Amatus, a, um
• The first Amo, is present active.
• Present, Future and Imperfect are formed from this stem:
am o = amo
am a s = amas
am a t = amat
am a mus = amamus
am a tis = amatis
am a nt = amant
The Imperfect and Future also Form
from the 1st Principal Part
For example:
am a bo
am a bi t
am a bo r
am a bi tur
am a ba m
am a ba tis
am a ba r
am a ba mini
Perfect Passive System
Think of principal parts again:
Amo Amare Amavi Amatus, a, um
The 3rd principal part is the
Perfect Active
The 4th principal part is used to make the
Perfect passive
Remember that the active is formed
by using the stem of the 3rd Principal
part + perfect endings:
Amav - i
I loved
Amav - imus
We loved
Amav - isti
You loved
Amav - istis
You guys loved
Amav - it
She loved
Amav - erunt
They loved
N.B. Because the 3rd principal part
does not follow a set pattern, you
MUST learn the 4 principal parts!
Perfect Passive
• The Perfect Active involves only one word, AMAVI
• The Perfect Passive involves two words, AMATUS
SUM
• This combines the fourth Principal part with the
personal forms of the verb ESSE, to be.
For example:
amavi – I loved
amatus* sum – I was loved
The * indicates that the participle is masculine singular.
If the subject were feminine, i.e., a woman, the verb
would be amata sum
Some things to remember about
Perfect Passive:
• The action of the verb is happening to the subject of the verb.
John [the Subject] hit the ball [Direct Object]
The ball was hit by John [the subject] was hit by an agent or
thing
• The 4th principal part will reflect the number and gender of the
subject:
• I [a boy] am loved : amatus
• I [a girl] am loved : amata
• We [men] loved the gladiators – Gladiatores amavimus.
• We [women] loved the gladiators – Gladiatores amavimus.
But,
We [men] were loved by the gladiators =
Nos amati sumus a gladiatoribus.
And
We [women] were loved by the gladiators.
Nos amatae sumus a gladiatoribus
Practice
Create sentences mixing the subject and verbs that
follow.
Remember to use ablative of means, e.g., gladio
‘with a sword,’ and ablative of agent, e.g., a Marco
“by Marcus,’ to make your Sentences:
Puella
Vir
Agricola
Miles
Tempus
Marcus
Sportula
Rana
Puer
Carrus
Equus
Caesar
Tu
Ego
Nos
Canis
Felis
Gladius
dare
legere
amare
portare
videre
ago
aedificio
mitto
nuntiare
navigare
ducare
dicere
ducere
munire
monere
natare
adiuvare
gerere