Transcript Lecture #4 – Chapter 1 and Chapter 2.

Welcome to CMPE003
Personal Computer
Concepts: Hardware and
Software
Winter 2003
UC Santa Cruz
Instructor: Guy Cox
Assignments
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Details on the class web page:
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http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/classes/cmpe003/Winter03/
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TAs
 Chunxiao Zhou ([email protected])
 Dat Nguyen ([email protected])
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Sections
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Monday – 4 – 6 PM, Oakes #205
Tuesday – 4 – 6 PM, Oakes #205
Friday – 10 – 12 AM, Oakes #205
2nd Homework:
Due January 22, 2003
Web Search Exercise
 See class web page for details
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http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/classes/cmpe003/Winter03/
Computer Systems
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Computer
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CPU
Memory
Peripheral equipment
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Connected to the computer by a cable
Input, output, storage
Network
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Definition
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A system that uses communication equipment
to connect computers and their resources.
Types
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Local area network (LAN) – connects
computers in close proximity
Metropolitan area network (MAN) – connect
computers between buildings in the same
geographic area
Wide area network (WAN) – connects
computers over great distances
Home Connectivity
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Connect home PC to other computers
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(Usually via an ISP)
Use modem to convert signals between
electronic (computer) and analog (voice)
formats
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Dial-up modem
ADSL modem
Cable modem
Internet
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Collection of networks
No ownership
No central source for services available
No comprehensive index of what information is
available
Connects Everyone!
Individuals
Businesses
Organizations
Libraries
Research labs
Government
Getting Connected
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User’s computer must connect to a server
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Server must communicate using TCP/IP
(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
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The user can purchase access to a server
from an ISP (Internet Service Provider)
Internet – What Can You Do?
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WWW – World Wide Web
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FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
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E-mail
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UseNet (news groups)
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IRC (Internet Relay Chat), MUDs (Multiuser Domains), Moos (MUD Object
Oriented)
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Bulletin Boards
World Wide Web
• Browser – program that allows the user to
move around and explore the Internet
• Use the mouse to point and click on text and
graphics
• Terminology:
• Web site
• Home page
• Web page
Classifications of Computers
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Use the computer that fits your needs
Based upon
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Size
Speed
Cost
Portability
Number of simultaneous users supported
Available software
Typical use
Personal Computers
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Other names
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Categories
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PC
Microcomputer
Home computer
Low-end functional
Fully powered
Workstations
Net computer or net box (Web TV)
Desktop Models
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Separate CPU tower, monitor and keyboard
Portable Computers
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Notebooks
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Laptops
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Lightweight
Fits in a briefcase
Battery operated
Larger
Heavier
More expensive than desktop models
Handheld Computers
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Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
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Scheduling
Addresses
Handwritten input
May offer wireless e-mail and fax
Pocket PC
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More power than PDA
Runs basic productivity software
Other Types of Computers
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Client/Servers
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client processes requesting service from server processes
clients and servers running on the appropriate hardware and
software
Mainframes
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High speed
More expensive
Used to process large amounts of data quickly
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Transaction processing
Support multiple users
Does server tasks
Supercomputers
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Fastest speed
Most expensive
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Software in the Background
Chapter 2
Part a
Operating Systems
Objectives of Chapter 2
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Describe the functions of an Operating System
Explain the basics of a personal computer operating
system
Describe the advantages of a graphical operating system
Differentiate among different operating systems
Explain the need for network operating systems
Describe the methods of resource allocation on large
computers
Be able to describe the differences among
multiprocessing, multiprogramming, and timesharing
Explain the principles of memory management
List several functions typically performed by utility
programs
Operating System: Hidden
Software
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Definition – provides access to all resources
Kernel
 Manages the operating system
 Memory resident
 Loads set of programs that lies between applications
software and the hardware
 Fundamental software that controls non-resident portions of
the OS as needed
Booting – Loads the kernel into memory
Systems Software
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Definition:
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All programs related to coordinating computer
operations
Components
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Operating System
Utility programs
Program language translators
Functions of OS
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Manage the computer’s resources
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CPU
Memory
Disk drives
Printers
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Establish a user interface
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Execute and provide services for applications
software
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Carries out all input and output operation
User Interface
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Facilitates communication between the user and the
operating system
Two forms
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Command line
 Text-based
 Key commands
 Examples: MS-DOS, Unix
Graphical user interface (GUI) (pronounced “gooey”)
 Visual images
 Menus
 Examples: X Windows (UNIX), MS Windows, Mac OS
Platform
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Definition:
Computer hardware and operating system
software that dictate what other software can
run
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Wintel (Windows/Intel)
Intel-based PC running MS Windows
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SPARC (Sun Microsystems)
Sun based architecture running Solaris (UNIX)
OS is Hidden
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User interested in application
software to make the PC useful
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Application software is platform
specific
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User must be aware of the type
of OS
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User should be aware of the
functions of OS
Types of OS’s
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Interface
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Single User
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PC, MAC
Multi-user
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Command Line, GUI
UNIX, Linux, Mainframe (Proprietary)
Network(ed) Operating System (NOS)
MS-DOS
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Command-line interface – ala UNIX
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Prompt – system is waiting for you to do something
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Type in a command
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Not user-friendly