Transcript Chapter 4 – Computer Software

Introduction

Program:
Set of sequence instruction that tell the computer what to
do.

Software:
A collection of programs, data, and information.

Programmer:
The person who makes the program.
Computer Software
)Computer Software(
)System Software(
)Application Software(
System Software

It is the software which is used by the computer or
operates a computer system.

Built inside the computer or in a CD must be bought.
System (
)Software
Programming (
)language
Compiler And (
)Interpreters
Operating (
)Systems
Programming language

Programs are developed by the programming languages.

It is a set of words, rules, syntax.

There are many programming languages each to solve
specific kinds of problems.

Ex. ( C, Java, Pascal, …etc).
Programming language
Generations of Programming Languages:
1. Machine Language.
2. Assembly Language.
3. High Level Language.
4. Application Generation.
5. Object Oriented Languages.
Programming language
Generations of Programming
Languages:
1.Machine Language:




It is written in 1, 0 (Binary system).
Difficult language.
Need long time.
Depends on the computer
architecture.
Programming language
Generations of Programming
Languages:
2.Assembly Language:





Depends on using some of the mnemonic
symbols, like: ADD, SUB, MUL, DIV.
Easier than the machine language.
Use other accounting systems.
Depends on the computer architecture.
A translator is needed and it is called
(Assembler).
Programming language
Generations of Programming Languages:
3.High Level Language:

Use statements that user can understand.

It needs translators.

It can be used very easily to solve complex
problems.

They are undependable of the computer’s
architecture.

Ex. Python , C , Java
Programming language
Generations of Programming Languages:
4.Application Generations:

Database language used to create files, forms,
queries and reports without the writing of any
programs.

Ex. Oracle, Access.
Programming language
Generations of Programming Languages:
5.Object Oriented Languages:

Consist of a collection of objects.

Every object contains its variables, data,
methods.

Encapsulation: which means that the data and
its operations are collected in the same place.
You can't access any data without using the
operations.
System Software
System (
)Software
Programming (
)language
Compiler And (
)Interpreters
Operating (
)Systems
Compiler And Interpreters
Compilers and Interpreters: Program that translate
the source code into object code.
Compilers: translate a whole program once and
execute it.
Interpreters: translate and execute one instruction at
a time. Its slower and use more space than the
compiler.
Operating Systems

The most important software.
It holds all the instructions that make the computer
work.


No computer can work if it dose not contain a O.S.
Consist of group of program (work like a team) the main
control program is the Supervisor:
 Known as the Monitor or Executive.
 Guides the activates to all the O.S. parts.


Ex. DOS, Windows, Mac O.S, … etc.
MS Windows 1.x
15
MS Windows 98
16
Windows XP
Windows Vista
Windows 7
Windows 8
System1,2,3,4
MAC OS 8
MAC OS X
Mac OS X10.0 “Cheetah” & MAC OS X
10.1 “Puma”
“Cheetah”
“Puma”
Mac OS X10.2 “Jaguar” &
MAC OS X 10.3 “Panther”
“Jaguar”
“Panther”
Mac OS X10.4 “Tiger” & MAC
OS X 10.5 “Leopard”
“Tiger”
“Leopard”
Mac OS X10.6 “Snow Leopard” & MAC OS X 10.7
“Lion”& Mac OS X10.8 “Mountain Lion”
“Snow Leopard”
“Lion”
“Mountain Lion”
Linux
28
Ubuntu
Operating System
Functions
1.
Booting up.
2.
User Interface.
3.
Task and resources management.
4.
Monitoring.
5.
File Management.
6.
System security.
Operating System Type
1)
Multitasking OS: execute more than one task at the same time.
2)
Multiprocessing OS: uses more than one CPU.
3)
Timesharing OS: time is shared between multi-user to execute their
task.
4)
Network OS
5)
Real Time OS: Input and output operations are happing at the same time
(medical devices).
Computer Software
)Computer Software(
)System Software(
)Application Software(
Application Software

Application software is a software used by user
 Two
categories
Basic
applications
general-purpose
Specialized
For
applications
specific, advanced tasks
Basic Application

Focus on basic and general-purpose
tasks
Specialized Applications

Focus on specific disciplines and occupations

Make it possible to perform advanced tasks at
home

Examples:

Graphics Programs

Audio and Video Editing Software

Multimedia Creation Programs

Web Designing Programs
Examples
Computer
Parts
O.S
Application Software
User
Interfaces

Interface: It’s the way that the user use to deal (communicate) with the computer.

Type:
Command Line Interface:
1.
1.
2.
3.
Commands must be typed on the keyboard.
It’s slow process.
Require a high degree of computer knowledge.
Graphical User Interface:
1.
1.
2.
3.
Use pictures, windows, menus, icons to represent object
and operation.
User can select any object by pointing the mouse at it an
click on it.
Ease, enjoyable.
System Development
System Development: refers to replacing a manual system
into a Computerized system.

1.
2.
3.
4.
Steps of the System Development (System Life Cycle):
Preliminary Analysis: What is the system requirements,
organization objective. So gather data and write report.
Assess Feasibility: Determine if the solution is by
computerizing the system?, Is the budget covers?
Design: Draw the plan on how its this can be
implemented.
Implementation(Programming): Write the program. (in
this step the system is physically designed).
System Development

Steps of the System Development (System Life
Cycle):
5.
Testing
6.
Training
7.
Hand over to client
8.
Monitoring and maintaining the system.
Multimedia

Using text, audio, picture, video, …etc in the program.

Used in education, games, commercial.

Multimedia Computer specifications:
1.
High specifications in terms of equipment: speed, memory, hard drive.
2.
Peripherals: CD drive, sound card, microphone, …etc.
3.
Large monitor: screen (graphical) card.
4.
DVD drivers.