Transcript Information Technology

Information Technology
Essentials
2nd
Edition
CHAPTER 3
SOFTWARE
Prepared by: Arlene N. Baratang
OBJECTIVES:
• Chat about the basic and specialized software applications
and its common features.
• Speak about audio and video software.
• Chat about multimedia, web tutoring software.
• Speak about ways to share data between applications.
• Learn the different types of system software.
• Understand the concept of operating systems.
• Familiarize the categories of operating systems.
• Apply some of the utility software in computers.
• Appreciate the use of the various operating systems.
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Introduction
Computer software or software is a general term used to
describe the collection of computer programs, instructions,
procedures and related data by which computer systems
speak with computer users. It provides the instructions for
telling a computer what to do and how to do it. System
software and Application software are the two types of
software.
Application software allows users to do one or more specific
(non-computer related) tasks. Such applications include
industrial automation, business software, educational
software, medical software, databases, and computer
games.
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Cont…
Basic application and specialized application are the two
categories of application software with a common
interface features that include icons, windows, menus,
dialog boxes, help, toolbars, and buttons. Both provide
access to Web-based applications.
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BASIC APPLICATION SOFTWARE
(General Purpose or Productivity
Application Programs)
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WORD PROCESSOR
Word Processors are one of the most flexible and widely
used software tools that create text-based documents,
memos, letters, faxes, newsletters, manuals,
brochures, reports and personalized web pages.
Example programs are Microsoft Word, Corel
WordPerfect, and Lotus Word Pro.
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Basic Features of Word Processors:
- Page Layout Options
- Text Highlighting Feature
- Bullet Point and Numbering
- Multi-Level Formatting
- List/Outline
- Quick Style Options
- Watermark Insertion
- Page Color Options
- Envelope and Label Creation
- Pre-Made Templates
- Download-able Templates
- Cross-Referencing
- Format Copying
- Automatic Format Clearing
- Online Application Launcher
- Alphabetizing
File Format:
- Open Document
- Microsoft Works
- WordPerfect
- OpenOffice
- PDF
- XPS
- WordStar
- XyWrite
- Microsoft Word
- Lotus
- Excel
- OfficeWriter
- Rich Text Format
- Plain Text Format
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SPREADSHEET
Spreadsheets are programs widely used by every
profession that organize, analyze and manipulate
numeric data. Example programs are Microsoft Excel,
Corel Quattro Pro and Lotus 1-2-3.
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Features of Spreadsheet programs:
-
Built-in functions
Sorting
Charts
Hyperlink
Templates
Automatic hyperlinks
Max rows
Freeze Rows and Columns
Max columns
Format brush
Symbols
Spell checking
Macros
Pivot table
Comments
Voice read-back
Drawings
Drag and drop
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DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Database management system is a collection of related data or
sets up a structure for data storage. It is the electronic
equivalent of a file cabinet. Example programs are Microsoft
Access, Corel Paradox and Lotus Approach.
Workstations are
connected to DBMS
Server
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Features of Database Management
Programs:
• Primary key: uniquely identifies each record.
• Field: smallest unit of information about a record and is stored
in a tables’ column.
• Record: contains all the information about one person, thing, or
place.
• Form: displays a record on screen making it easy to enter new
records or to modify existing records.
• Report: printed output generated from tables or queries.
• Sort: rearrange a table’s records in different orders.
• Query: a request for particular data contained in database.
Queries can retrieve data from single or multiple tables.
• Join: link between a field in one table or query and a field in
another table or query.
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PRESENTATION GRAPHICS PROGRAM
Presentation graphics
programs combine a
variety of visual objects
to create visually
interesting presentations
to convey message.
Example programs are
Microsoft PowerPoint,
Corel Presentations and
Lotus Freelance Graphic.
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Features of Presentation
Graphics Programs
• Layout files: include sample text for many
different types of presentations.
• Template: include predefined settings that can
be used to create many common types of
presentations.
• Animations: include special visual and sound
effects like moving pictures and transitions
between presentations, record and play voice.
• Slides: include text, clip art, photos, sounds, any
multimedia message
• AutoContent Wizard: takes you through the
process of creating a presentation
• Master Slide: a special slide that controls the
format and placement of all slides in a
presentation.
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INTEGRATED PACKAGE
Integrated Packages is a single
program that provides the
functionality of several widely
used programs, popular with
many home users and classified
as personal or home software.
Example programs are
Microsoft Works and Apple
Works.
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SOFTWARE SUITE
Software Suites is a collection of
separate application programs
sold as a group.
• Types of Suites:
• Productivity suites or office
software suite, example
Microsoft Office
• Cloud suites or online office
suites, example Google Docs,
Office365
• Specialized suites
• Utility suites, example Norton
Internet Security suite
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SPECIALIZED APPLICATION
SOFTWARE
(Special Purpose Application
Programs)
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Graphics Program
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DESKTOP PUBLISHING
Desktop publishing are programs used
by users and professional graphic
artist to create documents likes
brochures, newsletters, newspaper,
and textbook. Example programs
are Adobe Page Maker, Microsoft
Publisher and QuarkXpress.
Image editors are programs used in
creating and editing bitmap images
which composed of pixels (picture
element) in a grid. Some common
bitmap formats are GIF, JPG, JPEG,
TIFF, PNG, PICT, PCX, and BMP.
Example programs are Microsoft
paint, Adobe Photoshop and Corel
Paint Pro Shop.
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Cont…
Illustration programs are for creating
and editing vector images or
geometric shapes or objects.
These are used by connecting
lines and curves defined by
mathematical equation that can
be easily resized, colored,
textured, and manipulated.
Example programs are Adobe
Illustrator, Inkscape and
CorelDRAW.
Image galleries are libraries of
electronic images that are used
for a variety of applications such
as Stock photographs and clip art.
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Cont…
Graphics suites are bundled
graphics programs that can
be purchased at a lower
cost. Example programs are
CorelDraw graphics suite,
Adobe’s creative suites and
Macromedia’s studio.
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Audio and Video
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VIDEO EDITING SOFTWARE
Video editing software like Apple’s iMovie and Windows
Movie Maker enhances digital video footage.
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AUDIO EDITING SOFTWARE
Audio editing software is a program which allows the
process of manipulating digital audio, like taking
recorded sound and changing it directly on the
recording medium.
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Multimedia
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MULTIMEDIA
Multimedia is the integration of
all sorts of media into one
presentation that include video,
music, voice, graphics and text
such as video games and web
presentation. The user can
select which information to
view, to control and to respond
to the feedback received.
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Cont…
Multimedia links and buttons are used to navigate the
multimedia presentation in which each page displays
information and links or connection to the related
information which can be video sound, graphic and
text files.
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Cont…
Multimedia authoring programs are special programs used
to create multimedia presentations and bring together all
the video, music, voice, graphics and text elements.
Example programs are Macromedia Director, Authorware
and Toolbook.
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Web Authoring
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Web authoring is a website development system that
allows Web pages to be visually created.
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Cont…
• Web site design program is used to create a graphical
map of the overall content of the design. Example of
web site design program is Macromedia’s Flash.
Web authoring programs are known as web page editors
or HTML editors that provides support for website
design and creates HTML coding. Example programs
are Macromedia Dreamweaver, NetObjects Fusion
and Microsoft Front Page.
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Artificial Intelligence
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Artificial intelligence
simulates human senses,
thought, processes and
actions. The three areas of
artificial intelligence are:
• Virtual reality is artificial
or simulated reality
generated in a 3-D by a
computer commonly
known as artificial reality
or virtual environments.
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Knowledge-based or Expert
System is an artificial
intelligence that uses a
database for assistance which
is known as the knowledge
base.
Robotics are computercontrolled machines that
imitate the motor activities of
the living things. Types of
robots include perception
system, industrial robot and
mobile robot.
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SYSTEM SOFTWARE
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SYSTEM SOFTWARE
System software refers to the
files and programs that make
up your computer's operating
system and all utility programs
that manage computer
resources. System files include
libraries of functions, system
services, drivers for printers
and other hardware, system
preferences, and other
configuration files.
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Categories of System Software
• Operating Systems (OS) is a software program that
manages the hardware and software resources of a
computer. Some basic tasks of an OS are controlling
and allocating memory, prioritizing system request,
controlling input and output devices, facilitating
networking, managing files and providing a graphical
user interface (gooey) for higher level functions.
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Functions of Operating System (OS)
• Process management – process from start to shut down,
booting, save, install, copy print, send.
• Resource management – install drivers, required for input,
output, memory, power, communication devices.
• File management – name folders, locations, attributes, size,
type protection.
• Communication management – user application softwarehardware, download-upload, LAN/WAN connection of
computers.
• Memory management – Primary, RAM-ROM, Secondary – Hard
Disc, DVD.
• Security management – virus, alert messages, dialogue boxes,
firewall, password and access protection.
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MICROSOFT DESKTOP OS
Windows 1 and 2
Windows 1 and Windows 2 were released on November 20, 1985 and
December 9, 1987 respectively. The former (Windows 1) was originally
named Interface Manager and was not a complete operating system but
rather an operating environment. It included only Windows Paint,
Windows Write, calendar, card filer, notepad, clock, control panel,
computer terminal, Clipboard, RAM driver, MS DOS Executive and a
game called Reversi. The latter (Windows 2) proved slightly more
popular for it included already Excel and Word for Windows.
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Windows 3
Windows 3 was released in May
1990. Microsoft Windows scored
a significant success with this
version. It allowed users to better
multi-tasking older MS-DOS based
software with the introduction of
virtual memory. A multimedia
version 3.1 was released in
October 1991 which was bundled
with multimedia upgrade kits
comprising of CD-ROM drive and a
sound card.
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Windows 95 and 98
Windows 95 and Windows 98 were
released on August 24, 1995 and June
25, 1998 respectively. The former
(Windows 95), which was originally
codenamed “Chicago” included
Internet Explorer, USB support and
full FAT32 file system support and the
Microsoft Plus. The latter (Windows
98), which was codenamed
“Memphis” included in its new
features, Internet connection sharing
and disk partitioning. It is considered
as the most subtle of the windows 9x
family.
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Windows 2000 and ME
Windows 2000 and ME were released
in February and September 2000
respectively. The Windows 2000 which
has the version number Windows NT
5.0 was successfully deployed both on
the server and workstation markets. A
number of features of the Windows 98
were incorporated such as an improved
Device Manager, Windows Media
Player and a revised DirectX. The
Windows Millennium Edition (ME) was
an upgrade of Windows 98 with
enhanced multimedia and internet
features and the first version of System
Restore.
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Windows XP
In 2001, Microsoft XP, codenamed “Whistler”
was release. The merging of the Windows 95,
98, NT200, and ME which resulted in the
Windows XP was met with considerable
criticisms particularly in terms of security that
led to the release of major Service Packs.
Service Pack 2 provided significant
improvements and encouraged widespread
adoption of XP among home and business
users. Windows XP lasted longer as
Microsoft’s flagship operating system than any
other version of Windows from October 25
2001 to January 30, 2007 when it was
succeeded by Vista.
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Windows Vista
This was released last November 20,
2006 to business customers and on
January 30, 2007 the consumer version
was released. This operating system
intends to improve security, adding a
new restricted user mode User Accounts
Control which replaced the
Administrator Account in Windows XP.
It also offers the new Windows Aero
GUI, new applications such as Windows
DVD Maker, Windows Calendar, new
games like Mahjong and Chess, new
version of Windows Media Player, a
more secured Internet Explorer and
many underlying architectural changes.
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Windows 7
Windows 7 is the current major
release after the Vista and was
released on July 22, 2009. It
was previously codenamed
“Blackcomb and Vienna”. Some
features of the Windows 7 are
faster booting and improved
window management.
Windows 7 has different version
like the Starter, Home Basic,
Home Premium, Professional,
Enterprise and Ultimate.
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Windows 8
Windows 8 is a planned release of
Microsoft windows series of operating
systems for use on personal
computers, including home and
business.= desktops, laptops, tablets
and home theatre PCs. The release is
expected in the first week of August
2012 and will be available to users
starting October 26, 2012. The prerelease version, Release preview or
Beta Version was on May 31, 2012.
The new interface is designed for
better suit touch screen input along
with a traditional mouse and
keyboard inputs.
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Mac Operating System Ten (OS X)
Mac OS X is Apple’s Unix based operating system featuring
a superb desktop. It is very fully featured, user friendly and
GUI based. It is highly noticeable that the different versions
of Mac OS X are all codenamed by Big Cat Names.
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• Mac OS X versions
Release
10.0
Codename
Cheetah
Release Date
March 2001
10.1
Puma
September 2001
10.2
Jaguar
August 2002
10.3
Panther
October 2003
10.4
Tiger
April 2005
10.5
Leopard
October 2007
10.6
Snow Leopard
August 2009
10.7
Lion
July 2011
10.8
Mountain Lion
July 25, 2012
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Unix and Linux Operating System
Unix is a copyrighted name only big companies are allowed to use the
UNIX copyright and name. Most UNIX systems are commercial in
nature. Most UNIX operating systems are considered as a complete
operating system as everything come from a single source.
• UNIX Operating System Names:
–
–
–
–
–
HP-UX
IBM AIX
Sun Solaris
Mac OS X
IRIX
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Linux is a UNIX clone written from scratch by Linux
Torvalds. Linux is just a kernel, however, Linux
distributors makes it complete usable operating
systems by adding various applications.
• Linux Distribution (Operating System) Names
–
–
–
–
–
Redhat Enterprise Linux
Fedora Linux
Debian Linux
Suse Enterprise Linux
Ubuntu Linux
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Other Operating Systems
Android is the mobile operating
system developed by Google
and used in a wide variety of
Android devices like Samsung,
Sony Ericsson, Motorola, and
HTC. Symbian is the name of
the mobile operating system
maintained by Nokia, although
it has been announced that
Nokia’s involvement will
change to Windows CE.
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• Android OS versions:
Release
Codename
Release Date
1.5
Cupcake
April 20, 2009
1.6
Donut
September 15, 2009
2.0
Éclair
October 26, 2009
2.2
Froyo
May 20, 2010
2.3
Gingerbread
December 6, 2010
3.0
Honeycomb
February 22, 2011
4.0
Ice Cream Sandwhich
October 19, 2011
4.1
Jelly Bean
July 9, 2012
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UTILITIES
Software utilities are useful to
assist the software in the
hardware, function efficiently,
computer operating systems,
application packages third-party
software and data storage
facilities. Here are some types of
software utilities:
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Back-up Program
Backup utility is a data backup tool used to copy all the
information when needed, for example as in the
problem of disk failure or corruption. Backup Exec,
EMC Legato Networker, NetBackup, Norton Ghost and
Windows Home Server Computer Backup is a few
examples of software Utilities Backup.
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Checkers and Disk Cleaners
Disk Cleaners Checkers and function to help check the
hard drives of each file is corrupted. In addition, this
utility also serves to increase the speed of a slow
computer. Disk Checker, ADRC Hard Disk Checker and
CHKDSK are some examples of utility disk checkers and
cleaners.
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Network Utilities
Network Utilities is a small system that allows users to analyze and
configure various aspects of computer networks. Network
utility function for the router to work, check whether the
network is connected, and other technical types. Ipconfig, ping,
spray, nslookup, route, trace route are a few simple commands
to start the utility network.
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Disk Compression Programs
Disk Compression Utility function performs the task with
emphasis on the drive, so that more space available
for additional data to be stored. DiskDouble, SuperStor
Pro, DoubleDisk Gold, XtraDrive and Stacker are
examples of popular disk compression utility.
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Antivirus Programs
Antivirus software is software that allows you to
eliminate the threat of viruses on your computer.
There are many antivirus tools are available on the
market, there are also some free versions that can be
downloaded. McAfee, Norton Antivirus, Windows Live
OneCare, ESET NOD32, Ad-Aware Pro are some
examples of Antivirus Software.
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Disk Partition Tools
Disk Partition Tools serves to divide the disk into
partitions, which can create an effective data
management. The advantage of partitioning the disk is
to prevent people from accidental or deliberate
modification of the file system. Partition Master,
MaxBlast, Microsoft fdisk and Logical Disk Manager is
an example of the Disk Partitioning Tools.
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System Profiler
System Profiler works to provide users with clear
information about the applications installed and also it
connects hardware devices to the system. Local
SekChek, Belarc, HwiNFO32, Lavalys EVEREST Ultimate
Edition, CPU Speed and Sisoft Sandra Pro are some
examples of System Profiler.
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DEVICE DRIVERS
A device driver is a program that
an operating system uses to
provide Input/Output services
for and interact with an
underlying device, such as a
modem or network adapter,
printers, displays, and CD-ROM
readers. Rather than access
the device directly, the OS
loads device drivers and calls
functions in the drivers to carry
out actions in the device. In
Windows operating systems, a
device driver file usually name
suffix of DLL, EXE or VXD.
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DIAGNOSTIC PROGRAMS
• A diagnostic program is written for the express
purpose of locating problems with the software,
hardware, or any combination thereof in a system, or a
network of systems. Preferably, diagnostic programs
provide solutions to the user to solve issues. Popular
examples of diagnostic software are Microsoft
Scandisk, Norton Disk Doctor, QA Plus and PC Tools.
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UNINSTALL PROGRAMS
Uninstall programs are used for removing unwanted
applications from your computer’s hard disk. In
addition, it can also remove files that were
subsequently generated by the application. You can
uninstall a program by either selecting the Uninstall a
Program feature of the Control Panel in Windows, or
running the built in uninstall options in the menu were
the program was installed.
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BACKUP PROGRAMS
Backup software is a computer program used to create
exact supplementary copies of a file, database or
entire contents of a computer as a precaution in case
the medium fails. You can backup files using operating
system commands or you can have a special purpose
backup utility. Backup programs normally compress
the data so that backups require lesser disks space.
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DISK CLEAN-UP
Disk clean-up is a computer
maintenance utility that
helps to free up space on
your hard disk by searching
your disk for files that can
be safely deleted. It is
included in any Microsoft
Windows Operating System.
Other disk clean-up utilities
include Wise Disk Cleaner,
Wise Registry Cleaner, App
Cleaner and Easy Cleaner.
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DEVICE DRIVERS
A device driver is a program that an operating system
uses to provide Input/Output services for and
interact with an underlying device, such as a modem
or network adapter, printers, displays, and CD-ROM
readers. Rather than access the device directly, the
OS loads device drivers and calls functions in the
drivers to carry out actions in the device. In Windows
operating systems, a device driver file usually name
suffix of DLL, EXE or VXD.
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LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS
Language translation software is the use of
computer programming to
automatically convert something from
one language to another language.
There is a wide range of language
translation software available like the
Babylon 9, Bing Translator from
Microsoft and Yahoo Babel Fish.
• A very special type of a language
translator is a software that converts
formal language from human readable
source codes to machine readable
binary or object codes. These are
known as Compilers or Interpreters. All
Programming Languages have their own
Compilers.
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CAREERS IN IT:
• Desktop Publisher works in the printing industry, from
books to newspaper to brochure and even business
card. They write and edit text, design graphics and
develop layouts.
• Computer Trainer instructs new users on the latest
software and hardware. The trainer must possess the
following qualities: Good communication skills;
teaching experience; detailed oriented; IT experience;
comfortable speaking to a group.
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Applying Technology 1
• To install McAfee Security Center, follow the
instructions below:
1. Connect to www.mcafee.com and follow the
instructions to subscribe to this Internet security
suite.
2. Follow the instructions at the Web site to download
and install the security suite on your computer.
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Applying Technology 2
• Windows Update
1. Access Windows Update from the All Programs list of
the Start menu.
2. Click Check for updates.
3. Review the list of recommended updates.
4. Click Install updates to download updates to your
computer.
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REFERENCES
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Beck, Leland L., System Software: An Introduction to Systems Programming, 3rd
Edition
Cengage Learning :2009
McGraw Hill: 2009
Prentice Hall:2012
Stallings, William, Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles, Fifth Edition
Tannenbaum, Andrew S., Woodhull, Alfred S. , Operating Systems : Design and
Implementation
http://www.scribd.com/doc/3629472/Chapter-3Basic-ApplicationSoftware#outer_page_5
http://www.scribd.com/doc/3629538/Chapter-4Specialized-Application-Software
http://books.mcgraw-hill.com/computing/oleary/pdf/ole65985_ch03_web.pdf
http://office-software-review.toptenreviews.com/word-processing-software/
http://www.careeroverview.com/desktop-publishing-careers.html
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