Transcript Using Information Technology - City University of Hong Kong

Using Information Technology
Chapter 4
System Software
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System Software
The Power behind the Power
4.1 The Components of System Software
4.2 The Operating System: What It Does
4.3 Other System Software: Device Drivers & Utility
Programs
4.4 Common Operating Systems
4.5 The OS of the Future: “The Network is the
Computer”
4.6 Online Software & Application Software Providers:
Turning Point for the Software Industry?
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4.1 The Components of System
Software
Operating system - the
principal component of
system software
Device drivers - help
the computer control
peripheral devices
Utility programs support, enhance, or
expand existing
programs
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4.2 The Operating System: What It
Does
Booting - the process of loading an operating system into a
computer’s main memory
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The Operating System: What It
Does
User interface - user-controllable display screen that allows
you to communicate, or interact, with your computer
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The Operating System: What It
Does
CPU Management
Supervisor (kernel) - program which remains in
main memory while the computer is running, and
directs other “nonresident” programs to perform
tasks that support application programs
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The Operating System: What It
Does
File Management
Move
Rename
Delete
Copy
Back up
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The Operating System: What It
Does
Task Management
Number of
Users
Number of
Processors
Order of
Processing
Multi-tasking
One
One
Concurrently
Multiprogramming
Multiple
One
Concurrently
Time sharing
Multiple
One
Round robin
Multiprocessing
One or more
Two or more
Simultaneously
Processing of two or more programs
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The Operating System: What It
Does
Formatting
(initializing) a disk the process of
preparing that disk
so that it can store
data or programs
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Security management
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4.3 Other System Software:
Device Drivers & Utility Programs
Device drivers specialized
software
programs that
allow input and
output devices
to communicate
with the rest of
the computer
system
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Utilities: Service Programs
Backup utility - program which makes a duplicate
copy of the information on your hard disk
Data-recovery utility - program which restores
data that has been physically damaged or corrupted
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Utilities: Service Programs
Antivirus software - program that scans hard
disks, floppy disks, and memory to detect viruses
Data compression utility - program which
removes redundant elements, gaps, and
unnecessary data from a computer’s storage space
so that less space (fewer bits) is required to store or
transmit data
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Utilities: Service Programs
Fragmentation - the
scattering of portions of
files about the disk in
nonadjacent areas, thus
greatly slowing access to
the files
Defragmenter utility program that finds all the
scattered files on your hard
disk and reorganizes them
as contiguous files
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Utilities: Service Programs
Disk scanner and disk
cleanup utilities:
Detect & remove
unnecessary files
Detect & correct
disk
problems
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4.4 Common Operating Systems
Desktop & Laptop Operating Systems
Platform - the
particular processor
model and operating
system on which a
computer system is
based
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Disk Operating
System (DOS) - the
original operating
system produced by
Microsoft, which had
a hard-to-use
command-driven
user interface
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Desktop & Laptop Operating
Systems
Mac OS - operating system which runs only on
Apple Macintosh computers
Mac OS X
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Desktop & Laptop Operating
Systems
Microsoft Windows 3.X - released in 1992; simply
a layer over DOS
Microsoft Windows 95/98 - successors to 3.X
Plug and Play - the ability of a computer to
automatically configure a new hardware
component that is added to it
Microsoft Windows Me (WinMe) - Millennium
Edition
Microsoft Windows XP
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Network Operating Systems
Novell’s Netware - a long popular network
operating system for coordinating microcomputerbased local area networks (LANs) throughout a
company or campus
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Network Operating Systems
Windows NT - Microsoft’s multitasking OS
designed to run on network servers; it allows
multiple users to share resources such as data and
programs
Windows XP - successor to Windows NT
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Network Operating Systems
Windows XP - Microsoft’s newest OS, which
combines elements of Windows 2000 and
Windows Me
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New GUI featured in Windows XP
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Network Operating Systems
UNIX - a multitasking operating system for
multiple users with built-in networking capability
and versions that can run on all kinds of computers
Sun Microsystems’ Solaris
Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD)
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Network Operating Systems
Linux - a free version of UNIX, with continual improvements
resulting from the efforts of tens of thousands of volunteer
programmers
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Network Operating Systems
Open-source
software software which
any
programmer
can download
from the
Internet for
free and modify
with suggested
improvements
Linus Torvalds, creator of
Linux
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Operating Systems for Handhelds
Palm OS - the dominant OS
for handhelds, which runs the
Palm and Handspring Visor,
and is licensed to other
companies
Windows CE (now
Pocket PC) - slimmeddown version of
Windows for
handhelds
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4.5 The OS of the Future:
“The Network is the Computer”
.Net - Microsoft’s platform for an OS for the entire
Internet, designed to link unrelated websites so
that people can organize all info in their lives using
PCs and smaller devices
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The OS of the Future
E-speak - H-P’s version of an Internet OS, or
“universal language,” that allows different websites
to communicate with one another
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The OS of the Future
Jini - Sun Microsystems’ software designed to let
all types of electronic gadgets on a wired or
wireless network communicate with one another
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The Opposite Possibility: No One
Company Dominates
Distributed System - a non-centralized network
consisting of several computers and other devices
that can communicate with one another
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4.6 Online Software & Application Software
Providers: Turning Point for the Software
Industry?
ASP (Application Service Provider) - a firm that
leases software over the Internet to customers
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Network Computers Revisited: “Thin Clients”
versus “Fat Clients”
Thin client - users download not only data but also different
kinds of application software from an online source
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Network Computers Revisited: “Thin Clients”
versus “Fat Clients”
Fat client - users provide their own software and are usually responsible
for any upgrades of hardware and software
Data can be input or downloaded from online sources.
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From ERP to ASP: The Evolution of
“Rentalware”
ERP (Enterprise resource planning) software large client/server software applications that help
companies organize and operate their businesses
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Summary
Three components of system software: Operating
system, device drivers and utility program
The principal functions of the operating system:
user interface, CPU management, file
management, task management, security
management
Common Operating system, Windows XP, 2000,
98, Linux, Unix, Palm OS, Windows CE
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