Transcript Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers

Chapter 1
Introduction to Computers
Chapter 1 Learning Objectives
Recognize the importance of computer literacy
Define the term computer and identify its
components
Explain why a computer is a powerful tool
Recognize the purpose of a network
Discuss the uses of the Internet and the World Wide
Web
Distinguish between installing and running a program
Identify the types of software
Chapter 1 Learning Objectives
Describe the categories of computers
Determine how the elements of an information
system interact
Computer Literacy
Knowledge and understanding of
computers and their uses
Definition of a Computer
Electronic device operating under the
control of instructions stored in its own
memory
Accepts data
Raw facts, figures, and symbols
Processes data into information
Data that is organized, meaningful, and
useful
Produces and stores results
The Information Processing Cycle
Input
Process
Output
Storage
Hardware and Software
Hardware
Software
Electronic and
mechanical
equipment
Instructions that
tell hardware
how to perform
tasks
The Components of a Computer
Input Devices
Hardware used to enter data and
instructions
The Components of a Computer
Output Devices
Hardware that conveys information to a
user
The Components of a Computer
System Unit
Box-like case containing
electronic components
used to process data
The system unit contains
the motherboard
The Components of a Computer
The Motherboard
The two main components on the
motherboard are;
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Also called a processor
Carries out instructions that tell computer
what to do
Memory
Temporary holding place for data and
instructions
The Integrated Circuit
The devices that make all modern
electronics possible
The Integrated Circuit
Device with microscopic pathways that
carry electrical currents
Storage
Storage holds data, instructions, and
information for future use.
Storage systems are made up of two parts;
Storage media
Physical material on which data,
instructions, and information are
stored
Storage device
Records and retrieves items to
and from a storage medium
Types of Storage
Hard Drive
Types of Storage
CD/DVD
Types of Storage
USB flash drives
Types of Storage
Flash memory cards
What makes a computer powerful?
Storage
Reliability
and
Consistency
Accuracy
Speed
Communications
Networks
A collection of computers and devices
connected together
Made up of two parts;
Communications
Device
Enables a
connection
between
computers
One type is
a modem
Networks
A collection of computers and devices
connected together
Made up of two parts;
Communications
Media
Cables
Satellites
Telephone
lines
Cellular
radio
Networks
The reasons to network computers
To Share
Resources
Hardware
devices
To Save
Time and
Money
Software
programs
Data
Information
A Workgroup Network
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Simple to design and
implement
Localized security
Convenient for
smaller networks;
does not scale well
A Domain Network
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More complex to design
and implement
Centralized security
Required for large
networks; scales very
well
Networks
Local area network (LAN)
Network in limited
geographical area such as
home or office building
Metropolitan area network
(MAN) connects LANs in
city or town
Networks
Wide area network (WAN)
Network that covers large
geographic area using many
types of media
Internet is world’s largest
WAN
The Internet
The Internet is a Worldwide collection of
networks that connects millions of
computers
The Internet
Why do users access the Internet?
Communications
Information Sharing
Ecommerce
Entertainment
The Internet
The World Wide Web (WWW) is a major
component of the Internet
The WWW is made up or billions of
documents, called Web pages, available to
anyone connected to the Internet
Web Page
Contains text, graphics, sound, video, and
links to other Web pages
Web Site
A collection of related Web pages
Software
A software program is a series of
instructions that tells the computer what to
do
User Interface
Allows you to interact with the software
There are two types of interfaces;
Command line
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Allows you to interact with the software using
graphics and icons
Software
System Software
Programs that control the operations of the
computer and its devices
There are two part to system software;
Operating System (OS)
A set of programs that coordinates all
activities among computer hardware devices
and allows users to run application software
Software
System Software
Programs that control the operations of the
computer and its devices
There are two part to system softeare;
Utility Programs
Allow the user to perform maintenance-type
tasks usually related to managing a
computer, its devices or its programs
Software
Application Software
Programs that perform specific tasks for
users
Word
Processing
Spreadsheets
Database
Presentation
Graphics
Software
Programmer writes instructions to direct
computer to process data into information
Computer Categories
Personal Computer
Mobile computers
and mobile devices
Midrange servers
Mainframe computers
Supercomputers
Types of Personal Computer
The desktop computer
Types of Personal Computer
The notebook computer
Types of Personal Computer
The Tablet PC
Types of Mobile Devices
Handheld and PDA
Types of Handheld Computer
Smart Phones
Game Consoles
Servers
Mainframes
Supercomputers
Embedded Computers
Information Systems
The elements of an information system are;
People
Procedures
Data
Information
Software
Hardware