Transcript presentation - NORDUnet Networking Conferences

NSF and the Internationalization
of the [Academic] Internet
Steve Goldstein
(Retired, former NSF Program Director for International Networking)
Steve Goldstein – NORDUnet 2003– Reykjavik, IS
Disclaimer
• These are my personal
recollections. They
are based on my
tenure at the National
Science Foundation.
My views are private
and do not necessarily
reflect the views of the
Foundation.
Steve Goldstein – NORDUnet 2003– Reykjavik, IS
Overview
• Early Phases (1987-1991)
– Few, uncoordinated 56 kbps links
• International Connections Management
(ICM)
– 56 kbps-45 Mbps; 1991-1996
• Network Startup Resource Center
– Grass roots assistance on demand
Steve Goldstein – NORDUnet 2003– Reykjavik, IS
Overview, Cont’d
• “High Performance” Phase
– > 45 Mbps, STAR TAP; post-1997
• Most recently
– *Lights, Lambdas, “Love-ins”
• Sprinkled with anecdotal remarks
– Hopefully, worth the price of admission!
Steve Goldstein – NORDUnet 2003– Reykjavik, IS
NSFNET and ICM
+
(1988-1995 )
Steve Goldstein – NORDUnet 2003– Reykjavik, IS
The “Older” NSFNET
(1991: T1->T3 Migration)
1991
Alaska
45 Mb/s National Network Facility
NEARNET
NORTHWESTNET
NYSERNET
•
9
•
CICNET
BARRNET
PREPNET
CERFNET
CERFNET
MIDNET
1988
WESTNET
Hawaii
SURANET
NSFNET Backbone
Mid-level Connections
Geographic Area of Mid-level Network
Mid-level Network Hub
SESQUINET
The ICM Program
 Growing international communication needs gave rise to the
International Connections Management (ICM) program for
NSFNET
 1991: Award of International Connections Management
Cooperative Agreement (Sprint, 5 years) – consolidated
management of circuits to France, NORDUnet (and, later,
U.K.)
 1992: Many countries connect at their own expense;
NSF pays “Port Management Fee” for these countries
Steve Goldstein – NORDUnet 2003– Reykjavik, IS
The ICM program – cont’d.
 1993: Upgrade 3 circuits to Europe to T1
(Stockholm, London, Paris ) Homestead, FL gateway
to Latin America (Ecuador, Costa Rica,...)Other
countries continue to connect (Middle East, Pacific)
 1994: European T1’s reach full capacity!
Upgrading to multiple E1s.
 1995: Upgrade to T3/E3 to UK/Stockholm--World’s
first transatlantic 45 Mbps IPL!
Steve Goldstein – NORDUnet 2003– Reykjavik, IS
NSFNET’s International Connections
(ca.1994)
ICM Network and Other Commercial
Internetwork Architecture*
Japan
China
64k
Canada
512k
Philippines
64 k
Russia
Calpurina
64k
64 k
512k
SI
Sweden
(NORDUNet)
E1
64 k
Malaysia
64 k planned via Inmarsat:
Nigeria
Sudan
Tanzania
Sri Lanka
Pakistan
Bangladesh
Indonesia
64 k
Daemon
64k
SprintLink
Backbone:
T1->T3
Other Public
Commercial
Internets
512k
U.K.
Germany
E1
France
E1
Turkey
Other
Federal
Internets
64 k
Other Public
Commercial Other
Federal
Internets
Internets
E1
Saudi Arabia
64 k
Kuwait
X.25->192k
[PanAmSat Uplink]
x.25
Mexico
X.25
Notes:
• All offshore customers pay total
transmission costs except
NORDUNet, UK, France , Mexico
(cost-shared with NSF).
• NSF pays most port and network
management costs.
• SprintLink customer
Costa Rica
64 k
Colombia
64 k
Peru
9.6k
Ecuador
128 k
64 k recent:
Uruguay
Colombia (UNICOL)
Argentina (Retina)
64 k planned:
Honduras
Bolivia
Venezuela
U.A.E.
planned
64 k
128k
India
South Africa
Steve Goldstein – NORDUnet 2003– Reykjavik, IS
*courtesy: Sprint Corp.
NSF International Connections Manager (ICM) 1991-1996
ICM Connections (ca.1996)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CEENet (Central &Eastern Eur.)
JANET (UK)
TURBITAK (Turkey)
Mongolia
NACSIS (Japan)
KREONet (Korea)
Philnet (Philippines)
NORDUnet (DK, IS, FI, NO, SE)
MIMOS (Malaysia)
IPTEKNET (Indonesia)
UKWT-NET (Kuwait)
Univ of West Indies (Jamaica)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Red Cientifica Peruana (Peru)
HONDUnet (Honduras)
BOLNet (Bolivia)
Paraguay
Venezuela
RETINA (Argentina)
Nicaragua
ECUAnet (Ecuador)
CRNET (Costa Rica)
Uruguay
Colombia Univ Net (Colombia)
Steve Goldstein – NORDUnet 2003– Reykjavik, IS
U.S. and NORDUnet E3
July, 1995 (in time for IETF)
Steve Goldstein – NORDUnet 2003– Reykjavik, IS
vBNS, STAR TAP, and HPIIS
(1995- )
Steve Goldstein – NORDUnet 2003– Reykjavik, IS
HPIIS and STAR TAP
• HPIIS (TransPAC, MirNET, EuroLink)
– TransPAC (Asia-Pacific,1998-2003+)
– MirNET/NaukaNet (Russia, 1998- 2003+)
– EuroLink (NORDUnet, SURFnet, Renater,
CERN, Israel, 1999- 2003+)
• STAR TAP -> StarLight
– Chicago interconnect, May 1997 -2003+
Steve Goldstein – NORDUnet 2003– Reykjavik, IS
“New” 1995
NSFNET
Architecture
NSP #3
NSP #2
NSP #1
REGIONAL
REGIONAL
VBNS
Cornell
Ithaca, NY
Chicago, IL
NCAR
Boulder, CO
Palo Alto, CA
NCSA
Champaign, IL
PSC
Pittsburg,
PA
New York, NY
Washington, DC
REGIONAL
REGIONAL
SDSC
San Diego, CA
LEGEND
Network Service Providers
Regional and Midlevel
Networks
Network Access Points (NAPs)
Supercomputer Centers
Courtesy of NSF Network News. Copyright ©1994 General Atomics.
Steve Goldstein – NORDUnet 2003– Reykjavik, IS
Proposed NGI Architecture (1996)
Steve Goldstein – NORDUnet 2003– Reykjavik, IS
Source: http://www.ccic.gov/ngi/implementation-Jul97/g2_hp_conn_spec.html
STAR TAP* (1997- 200?)
http://www.startap.net
*Science, Technology and
Research Transit Access Point,
inspired by G-7 GIBN initiative
Steve Goldstein – NORDUnet 2003– Reykjavik, IS
Who Was Connected to STAR TAP?
http://www.startap.net
Science Technology And Research Transit Access Point (early 2001)
Canada
Japan
Iceland
Korea
Norway
Sweden
Taiwan
Finland
Singapore
Denmark
Russia
Australia
France
China
Netherlands
CERN
Chile, Brazil (FAPESP)
US Networks: vBNS, vBNS+, Abilene, ESnet, DREN, NREN/NISN
Steve Goldstein – NORDUnet 2003– Reykjavik, IS
Israel
What is (was) STAR TAP?
Infrastructure
• Engineering Support and
Advanced Services
–
–
–
–
Technology evaluations
Applications support
Performance measurement
QoS testbeds
• Education and Outreach
– Documentation
– Conference participation
– Host annual meetings
Layer 2 ATM
Connection Point
Racks at AADS NAP
front/back views
www.startap.net
• Team Building
– Liaison to network consortia
– Application communities
Managed by UIC in collaboration with Argonne
National Laboratory, Northwestern (MREN/iCAIR)
and Indiana University; operated by Ameritech
Advanced Data Services
Steve Goldstein – NORDUnet 2003– Reykjavik, IS
STAR TAP Connections – Early 1999
Already Connected:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Pending:
CA*Net 2 (Canada) 155 Mbps
(http://www.canarie.ca )
vBNS (NSF/MCI) 155 Mbps (http://www.vbns.net )
DoE (ESnet) and NASA (NREN and NISN) share
155 Mbps connection TAP (http://www.es.net )
Abilene (UCAID/Internet2) (http://www.ucaid.org)
SINGAREN (Singapore) 14 Mbps
(http://www.singaren.net.sg )
TransPAC (35 Mbps from Tokyo--Japan, Korea,
Singapore, Australia...); potential for doubling
capacity in ‘99 (http://www.transpac.org );
TAnet II (Taiwan, ~15 Mbps of a 45 Mbps link)
MirNET (6 Mbps link from Moscow) expected by
end of Dec 98; (http://www.mirnet.org )
SURFnet (Netherlands) 155 Mbps to New York,
and 45 Mbps split off to STAR TAP
•
NORDUnet (backbone connects IS, NO,
SE, FI, DK) expected May ‘99; ~45 Mbps
will be split off from 155 Mbps to New
York (http://www.nordu.net )
•
Israel (~45 Mbps via satellite, InterUniversity Computation Center) delivery
expected May-June '99;
•
Renater (~45 Mbps, France) is tendering
for 45 Mbps, or greater, link to the U.S.,
portion to STAR TAP
•
CERN (~20 Mbps) direct to STAR TAP;
expected May 99
Steve Goldstein – NORDUnet 2003– Reykjavik, IS
STAR TAP and StarLight
• STAR TAP: 5-year-old operational cross-connect
of the world's high-performance Production R&E
Networks 45-622Mb ATM--Phasing out
• StarLight: optical evolution of STAR TAP
– Production Networks at 1Gb
– Experimental Networks at 1Gb, 2.5Gb, and 10Gb
– Research Networks at 10Gb
Steve Goldstein – NORDUnet 2003– Reykjavik, IS
What/Where is StarLight?
StarLight is an advanced optical
infrastructure and
proving ground for network services
optimized for
high-performance applications
Chicago view from 710
710 N. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago
Abbott Hall, Northwestern University
Steve Goldstein – NORDUnet 2003– Reykjavik, IS
710 N. Lake
Shore Drive
Northwestern
University
• Carriers POPs
• Chicago NAP
Chicago
StarLight Service Description
• Gigabit Ethernet exchange point
–
–
–
–
High-speed peering with large MTU
Available collocation space
10GigE, other switched services
Multicast support
• Policy-free 802.1q VLANs between peering partners
• Focused on the needs of e-Science and supporting
experimental Networks
Steve Goldstein – NORDUnet 2003– Reykjavik, IS
StarLight Replication
• Experimental TransLight collaboration
(includes StarLight, NetherLight and some
early EuroLink interests)
• Look for these soon in a country near you!
Steve Goldstein – NORDUnet 2003– Reykjavik, IS
HPIIS-TransPAC (U of Indiana)
http://www.transpac.org
10/98
10/99
10/00
10/01
10/03
35Mbps single link Tokyo to Chicago
70Mbps single link Tokyo to Chicago
155Mbps single link Tokyo to Chicago
1.224Gbps two links OC-12 to Seattle and Chicago
5.00Gbps two links OC-48 to Los Angeles
OC-48(2 xGE) to Chicago
Steve Goldstein – NORDUnet 2003– Reykjavik, IS
HPIIS-MIRnet/NaukaNet (NCSA)
http://www.naukanet.org
07/99 Chicago-Moscow ATM Service 6 Mbps
12/01 Chicago-Moscow POS Service 45 Mbps
09/02 Chicago-Moscow POS Service 155 Mbps
Steve Goldstein – NORDUnet 2003– Reykjavik, IS
HPIIS Euro-Link (U of Ill. Chicago)
http://www.startap.net/euro-link
• Original Partners: NORDUnet, SURFnet,
Renater, CERN, Israel
• Current partners: SURFnet, CERN
– SURFnet 10Gb Chicago-to-Amsterdam
– CERN 622Mb link between Chicago and
Geneva/CERN + 2.5Gb circuit between CERN
and StarLight (EU DataTAG project)
Steve Goldstein – NORDUnet 2003– Reykjavik, IS
The Next Phase(s)
• New regime at NSF
• New “Cyberinfrastructure” architecture
• Your guess is as good as mine
Steve Goldstein – NORDUnet 2003– Reykjavik, IS
Now for the “Good Stuff”
(as time permits)
• Guerilla/Stealth Operation
– Own-agency problems getting ICM solicitation broadened
– Key turning point: U.K. “Fat Pipe” (NSF, NASA, DARPA)
– Other agency resistance/sniping
• “Partitioning” of Europe (connections)
• STAR TAP
• “One Country at a time” – Examples
– Mongolia, Russia, Latin America, South Africa, Sri Lanka,
Peru, Indonesia, T3/E3 London/Stockholm
• Partnerships and “Co-conspirators”
– OAS, Soros, NORDUnet, CA*net/CANARIE
Steve Goldstein – NORDUnet 2003– Reykjavik, IS