Transcript Week_Eight_8

Week Eight Agenda
•Link of the week
•Review week seven lab assignment
•This week’s expected outcomes
•Next lab assignment
•Break-out problems
•Upcoming deadlines
•Questions and answers
Link of the week
Firmware
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmware
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/f/firmware.html
Open Source Projects
http://sourceforge.net
http://freshmeat.net
• Define: Firmware
• Advantages of Firmware
• Do firmware memory chips require electrical
power?
Review week seven lab assignment
Define: tar
tar –cf newpack.tar /export/home/dandrear
tar –xvf origpack.tar
tar –tvf origpack.tar
Define: gzip
gzip filename.tar
gzip –d filename.tar.gz
gunzip filename.tar.gz
Define: bzip2/bunzip2
• Installing the software package
Package
FreeBSD Port
Review week seven lab assignment
• Every file is associated with one inode
• The inode contains the following information:
file mode
count of hard links
owner id
group id
time of last file access
time of last file modification
file size
file addresses
Review week seven lab assignment
Review week seven lab assignment
• The directory maps file names to inodes.
• Each file has one inode.
• The number of inodes is a kernel parameter
value set manually or dynamically by the
operating system.
• Each file may have more than one directory
entry.
• Inodes contain a list of disk block addresses.
• Demonstrate ls –i and ls –li commands
Review week seven lab assignment
Review week seven lab assignment
• When there are multiple hard links, more directory
entries point to the same inode (same file name)
• An inode can only hold a fixed number of direct data
block addresses (10 for Linux). Large files use indirect
block addresses.
• The inode keeps a count of the number of hard links that
point to it.
• Deleting a file deletes and entry from a directory.
• If the number of hard links is 1, removing or deleting that
file will also delete the inode.
• Demonstrate ls –li /etc physical links
Review week seven lab assignment
Review week seven lab assignment
• A symbolic link is a link to a directory or to
a file in a different file system.
Recall that Unix/Linux combines all the
file systems into a single integrated tree
structure.
Review week seven lab assignment
• Two choices for installing a project
1. Install binaries from a package
called rpm in Red Hat
rpm checks for dependencies and
conflicts with other installed
packages
Review week seven lab assignment
2. Install from source code
Allows for custom installations
Allows for code modifications
Optimum compilation for target
platform
Review week seven lab assignment
• rpm is a tool
rpm –q sloccount (query to see if tool
exists)
If the tool isn’t on your system, create a
directory named sloccount
Download name sloccount-2.231.i386.rpm
rpm –vUh sloccount-2.23-1.i386.rpm (install
tool)
See the man page regarding the rpm tool
Review week seven lab assignment
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QUERYING AND VERIFYING PACKAGES:
rpm {-q|--query} [select-options] [query-options]
rpm {-V|--verify} [select-options] [verify-options]
rpm --import PUBKEY ...
rpm {-K|--checksig} [--nosignature] [--nodigest]
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PACKAGE_FILE ...
INSTALLING, UPGRADING, AND REMOVING PACKAGES:
rpm {-i|--install} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
rpm {-U|--upgrade} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
rpm {-F|--freshen} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
rpm {-e|--erase} [--allmatches] [--nodeps] [--noscripts]
[--notriggers] [--repackage] [--test] PACKAGE_NAME ...
Review week seven lab assignment
• Usually, the source files are packaged in a
compressed archive file (.tar.gz). After
downloading, the .tar.gz file, use the tar
tool to uncompress the un-package the
source files.
Review week seven lab assignment
Software Installation of UNIX/Linux typically goes something like this:
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Download the software, which might be distributed in source code
format, or as a binary.
Unpack the software from its distribution format (typically a tarball
compressed with compress, gzip, or bzip2
Locate the documentation (perhaps an INSTALL or README file,
or some files in a doc/ subdirectory) and read up on how to install
the software.
If the software was distributed in source format, compile it. This
may involve editing a makefile, or running a configure script, and
other work.
Test and install the software.
Review week seven lab assignment
• Kernel is the central component of most
operating systems. It’s responsibility is to
manage the system’s resources and
communicate between the hardware and
software.
• Kernel space is allocated for the kernel. Users
aren’t able to access this area. Kernel space is
generally larger than user space.
• User space is a memory area where all user
mode applications are performed. This memory
area is swappable if necessary.
Review week seven lab assignment
Turnable Parameters
Unix/Linux kernel
semmni, semmns, aand semmsl reflect the
number of semaphores per set/Cache uses
shmmax, shmmni, shmseg, and shmall
reflect shared memory allocation
maxusers, pt_cnt, use_mxcc_prefetch
Filesystem (CDFS, MEMFS, NAMEFS, NFS, SFS, S5, UFS,
VXFS)
Buffer cache
Amount of memory used to transfer a file system
data structure such as inodes, indirect blocks, and
cylinder groups.
Review week seven lab assignment
• Demonstrate /etc/sysconfig is the location
of configuration files.
• Software releases
Interfaces – normally remain the
constant.
Implementations – actual fixes
Behaviors – system changes from one
implementation to another
Week eighth expected outcomes
Upon successful completion of this module,
the student will be able to:
• Create make file scripts for software
programs.
• Use pattern rules in make files.
• Create an effective PowerPoint
presentation.
• Create make files with multiple targets.
• Install software packages on a server.
Next Lab Assignment
• The Installation Exercise is an exercise that
requires following directions. Perform each step
in the prescribed sequence and syntax.
• Create an ASCII file named 4th_log.txt
• Create the following directory
/$HOME/itec400/homework/4th
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Download the programming language “forth”
• Copy compressed “tar” file to your 4th directory
cd /$HOME/itec400/homework/4th
cp ~dandrear/public_html/itec400/Misc/4th-3.3d2-unix.tar.gz .
Next Lab Assignment
• The expected output is an executable file
called “4th”.
• Commands
who –r
fsck
/etc/fstab (view on cs.franklin.edu)
ls –x or ls -a
Break-out problems
Firmware
BIOS
Master Boot Record (MBR)
Paging
System panic
Virtual memory
/boot/vmlinuz-*
Single user mode
init process
ASCII
FreeBSD software
Upcoming deadlines
• Programming Assignment 1, 6-1 is due
6/22/08.
• Installation Exercise, 8-1 is due 6/29/08
• Startup/Shutdown, 10-1 is due 7/6/08
Questions and answers
• Questions
• Comments
• Concerns
• I am available after this Franklin Live
session to discuss any problems and/or
concerns regarding the lab assignments