Transcript Welcome Winter 1998 NOW Retreat

Welcome
June 1998 NOW Finale
David E. Culler
6/15/98
NOW Finale
NOW Finale
1/98
Many
PhDs
2nd PhD
6/97
NPACI
NOW Sort
1/97
CS 267
CS 267
6/96
Asplos Workshop II
1/96
NOW II
6/95
1st PhD
Inktomi
1/95
CS 258
6/94
NOW I
1/94
Case for NOW
Asplos Workshop I
CS 252
NOW 0
G-Ether
VIA
SCI
Myrinet
Start of Funding
ATM, fddi
NOW Project Timeline
6/98
Metrics of Success
•
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Project goals?
Papers published?
Technology transfer?
Adoption of approach in the real world?
Students produced?
Marriages?
Research results?
Unexpected research results?
• All of the above?
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Project Goals
• Fundamental change in how we design largescale computing systems
– snap together commodity components
– self-managing, self-tuning, highly available
• Make the “killer network” real
– realize the potential of emerging hardware technology
– and push its effect through the rest of the system
• Integrated system on a building-wide scale
– pool of resources (proc, disk mem)
– remote processor and memory closer than local disk
– federation of systems with local and global role
• The right way to build internet services
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NOW Software Components
Parallel Apps
Large Seq. Apps
Sockets, Split-C, MPI, HPF, vSM
Name Svr
Global Layer Unix
Unix
Workstation
Unix
Workstation
Unix
Workstation
VN segment
Driver
AM L.C.P.
VN segment
Driver
AM L.C.P.
VN segment
Driver
AM L.C.P.
Myrinet Scalable Interconnect
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Active Messages
Unix (Solaris)
Workstation
VN segment
Driver
AM L.C.P.
Adoption of the Approach
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NOW publications
• Over 40 papers and counting
• wide range of important venues
– IEEE Micro, ACM TOCS, ISCA, ASPLOS, SOSP,
SIGMETRICS, OSDI, SIGMOD, SPAA, SC, IPPS/SPDP,
JSPP, USENIX, Hot Interconnects, SW Prac. and Exp.,
SPDT, HPCA, …
• countless presentations
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NOW Students
• Moved on
– Mike Dahlin (UT), Steve Rodriguez (NetApp), Steve Luna
(HP), Lok Tin Liu (Intel), Cedric Krumbein (Microsoft)
• Moving on
– Doug Ghormley (Sandia), Randy Wang (Princeton), Amin
Vahdat (Duke), Andrea Arpaci-Dusseau (Stanford), Steve
Lumetta (UIUC), Rich Martin (Rutgers)
• Finishing
– Remzi Arpaci-Dusseau, Satoshi Asami, Alan Mainwaring,
Jeanna Neefe Mathews, Drew Roselli, Nisha Talagala
• On to other projects in CS
– Brent Chun, Kim Keeton, Chad Yoshikawa, Fred Wong
• and several undergrads
– Josh Coates, Alec Woo, Eric Schein, ...
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Research Results highlighted in
today’s presentations
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Comm. Performance => Evaluation
• Demonstrated on
LogP microbenchmarks with
GAM
• Rich Martin (9:25)
Sensitivity to
Network
Characteristics
Occams Razor: 10µs User to User
Use r Comm La yer
Ker nel Suppor t
Pro cessor
$
$
2µs
2µs
Memory
Bus
NI
Link
0.5 µs
Networ k Fa bric (S witch)
0.5 µs
16
5µs
14
12
g
L
Or
Os
10
µs
From “NOW Communication
Architecture”
Jan 1994 Retreat
8
6
4
2
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Novel System Design Techniques
• Andrea ArpaciDusseau (9:50)
Implicit
Coscheduling:
From Simulation
To Implementation
And Back Again
NOW is “federalism”
• Large, collective pool of resources
– Not just networked services
• Building block is complete computer
• Authority, control, responsibility divided
between local operating system and global
operating system
• How is the ensemble organized?
• Who does it?
• Based on what?
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From “On Self-organizing systems,”
June 1995 Retreat
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Understanding Parallel Appln Perf.
Mainframe
MiniVector Supercomputer
supercomputer
Minicomputer
2003 Computer Food Chain
Portable
Computers
Networks of Desktop Computers
Case 24
From “Case for NOW”
Jan 1994 Retreat
NOW Finale
• Frederick Wong
(10:25)
Understanding
Application Scaling:
NAS Parallel
Benchmarks on the
NOW and SGI Origin
2000
Gigabytes sorted
Fast Parallel I/O
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Minute Sort
SGI Orgin
SGI Power
Challenge
0
• Remzi Arpaci-Dusseau &
Eric Anderson (10:50)
Robust I/O Performance
in River
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10
20
30
40
50
60
Processors
70
80
90
100
Automatic Network Mapping
• Lab Tour
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Scalable Services
Information
appliances
Stationary
desktops
Scalable Servers
• Wingman/NOW
transcoding proxy
demo
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Virtual Networks
Implications (system)
• Independent scheduling
– provide concept of network process
– NI stamps NPID in message and checks against current
process
– Vector inactive messages to kernel, package messages
for current nPID conveniently
» avoid interrupt if attentive, multiple messages per int, . . .
– Context switch support (???)
• Shared Network
– destination should always be able to accept packets
Reality check: 10 ms page fault => 200 KB at 155 Mb/s
=> 750 KB at 622 Mb/s
=> End-to-end flow control needed to ensure that
resources are available at destination w/i net process.
• Virtual Memory
– address translation on dest (miss rate?)
From Jan 1994 Retreat
NOW Finale
• Alan Mainwaring
(1:00)
Communication
Retrospectives
New look at File Systems
Example: Traditional File System
Clients
Server
$
$$$
$
Local
Private
File Cache
°° °
Bottleneck
$
Fast Ch annel (HPPI)
RAID
Disk Storage
Global
Shared
File Cache
• Expensive
• Complex
• Non-Scalable
• Single point of failure
• Server resources at a premium
• Client resources poorly utilized
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• Drew Roselli
(1:25) Huge
File Traces
• Mike Dahlin
(1:50) xFS and
Beyond
• Randy Wang
(2:45)
Intelligent
Disks
Cluster Design
• Steve Lumetta
(3:10) Trends in
Cluster
Architectures
Q2: What is the Hardware Organization?
• Wide scope for innovation
nCUBE:
MEM
M/C
28 dma channels
P
Splat:
CM-5:
M
HP/Me dusa:
sbus
M
$
mbus
P
M
$
$
P
P
Paragon:
Meiko:
M
µ
$
P
mbus
P
M
$
$
P
P
Networks are all over the map as w ell!
From Jan 1994 Retreat
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grap hics
Vast, Cheap Storage
• Nisha Talagala and
Satoshi Asami
(3:35) Large-scale
Storage Devices
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Beyond Clusters
• Amin Vahdat
(3:50) WebOS:
Infrastructure
for World-Wide
Computing
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New Scale and New Technology
• Matt Welsh, Millennium
• Philip Buonodonna, VIA
• Eric Brewer, The Pro-active Infrastructure
Millennium Computational Community
Bus iness
SIMS
BMRC
Che mistry
C.S .
E.E.
Biology
Gigabit Ethernet
Astro
NERSC
M.E .
Physics
N.E .
IEOR
C. E.
Tra nsport
MSME
Econom y
Math
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Many Thanks
• To all of you visitors for coming
– and for guiding us through many retreats
– and for tremendous support
• To the CS division
– an environment that made it possible
• To an incredible group of students who made
NOW a successful project
– by any metric
• I think you will enjoy these final presentations
NOW Finale