Transcript Operating System

The Anatomy of a
Computer
Bill Lester - NinthBridge
Computer /nm./: a device designed to speed
and automate errors
Hardware /nm./: the part of the computer
that you can kick
— From the Jargon File
You have nothing to fear, but fear itself!
Objectives:
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Define Terms
Examine Scenarios
Learn about Tools
Learn about Resources
Perform Activities
The Anatomy of a
Computer
Computers * Microprocessor
Motherboard/Bus * Operating System
Power * Memory * Ports * Input
Data Storage * Display * Peripherals
What is a Computer?
"The computer allows you to make mistakes
faster than any other invention, with the
possible exception of guns and vodka."
• “…any of a variety of electronic devices that are
capable of accepting data and instructions,
executing the instructions to process the data, and
presenting the results. A computer typically has a
central processing unit (CPU), internal and external
memory storage, and various input/output devices
such as a keyboard, display screen, and printer. A
computer system consists of hardware (the
physical components of the system) and software
(the programs used by the computer to carry out its
operations)…”
Computers * Microprocessor
Motherboard/Bus * Operating System
Power * Memory * Ports * Input
Data Storage * Display * Peripherals
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Microprocessor
Motherboard/Bus
Operating System
Power
Memory
Input/Output Ports
Input Devices
Data Storage Devices
Display
Peripherals
Anatomy of a Computer
Computers * Microprocessor
Motherboard/Bus * Operating System
Power * Memory * Ports * Input
Data Storage * Display * Peripherals
Microprocessor
Computers * Microprocessor
Motherboard/Bus * Operating System
Power * Memory * Ports * Input
Data Storage * Display * Peripherals
Motherboard/Bus
Computers * Microprocessor
Motherboard/Bus * Operating System
Power * Memory * Ports * Input
Data Storage * Display * Peripherals
• Windows
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XP
2000
NT
98
• MAC OS
– 10.x
• LINUX
– Red Hat 8.0
Operating System
Computers * Microprocessor
Motherboard/Bus * Operating System
Power * Memory * Ports * Input
Data Storage * Display * Peripherals
Power
Computers * Microprocessor
Motherboard/Bus * Operating System
Power * Memory * Ports * Input
Data Storage * Display * Peripherals
Memory
Computers * Microprocessor
Motherboard/Bus * Operating System
Power * Memory * Ports * Input
Data Storage * Display * Peripherals
Input/Output Ports
Computers * Microprocessor
Motherboard/Bus * Operating System
Power * Memory * Ports * Input
Data Storage * Display * Peripherals
Input Devices
Computers * Microprocessor
Motherboard/Bus * Operating System
Power * Memory * Ports * Input
Data Storage * Display * Peripherals
Data Storage Devices
Computers * Microprocessor
Motherboard/Bus * Operating System
Power * Memory * Ports * Input
Data Storage * Display * Peripherals
Display
Computers * Microprocessor
Motherboard/Bus * Operating System
Power * Memory * Ports * Input
Data Storage * Display * Peripherals
Peripherals
Exercise
Lets take apart a computer!
– Open
– Label
– Identify
– Reassemble
Objectives:
Troubleshooting
• What is “Troubleshooting”?
• What is the best methodology for
troubleshooting?
• What is the most common mistake in
troubleshooting?
Problem Identification * Assumptions
Causes * Resolution
Exercises * Resources
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Description
Environment
History
Change History
Define the Problem
Problem Identification * Assumptions
Causes * Resolution
Exercises * Resources
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Define the range of causes
Software
Hardware
Operating System
Drivers
Network
Internet
External
Miracle
And #1 cause: USER!
Problem Identification * Assumptions
Causes * Resolution
Exercises * Resources
Assumptions
• Don’t assume that you do not have the skills
to solve the problem
• Don’t assume that there are multiple causes
to your problem
• Do realize that you may be able to take the
troubleshooting to an intermediate point, and
then you will have to consult an “expert”.
• Assume that this problem has happened
before to others
• Assume that there is a resolution to your
problem
Problem Identification * Assumptions
Causes * Resolution
Exercises * Resources
Assumptions
• Assume there are resources that will help you
solve your problem
– Peer Resources
– Expert Resources
– Isolated Resources
• The most difficult problems to troubleshoot
are intermittent problems
• The most frustrating problems to troubleshoot
are those where the solution relies on the
active participation of other troubleshooters
Problem Identification * Assumptions
Causes * Resolution
Exercises * Resources
Begin the systematic
elimination of causes
• Ask lots of questions, but don’t be accusatory
• Clues
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Error messages
Funny smells
Liquids
Static electricity
Warm room/computer
Logs
Utilities
• Survey nearby users
Problem Identification * Assumptions
Causes * Resolution
Exercises * Resources
Begin the systematic
elimination of causes
• Start with the simplest/most obvious
– Is the plug in?
– When in doubt, reboot
– Can you duplicate the problem?
• Notice if anything changes during the
troubleshooting process.
• Nothing is too silly/stupid
• Eliminate big items
– Is it just this machine or all machines?
– Is it just this user or other/all users?
– Is it this version of the software/hardware or
other/all versions?
• Eliminate items that have multiple sub-items
Problem Identification * Assumptions
Causes * Resolution
Exercises * Resources
Begin the systematic
elimination of causes
• Change only one thing at a time!
– Takes a while, but is the most effective
methodology for identifying the cause of a
problem
• Alternative method
– Multiple changes, if clear and easy
• Make the enduser part of the
troubleshooting team (if appropriate)
Problem Identification * Assumptions
Causes * Resolution
Exercises * Resources
Resolution
• Be certain that you have
identified/resolved the problem
– Test and retest
• Try to explain to the user the problem’s
cause/resolution
• Document – Don’t reinvent the wheel
Problem Identification * Assumptions
Causes * Resolution
Exercises * Resources
Exercises
• Exercise - Describe an interesting
troubleshooting experience.
• Exercise – The printer doesn’t work
• Exercise – I can’t find the NE key
• Exercise – The Internet doesn’t work
Problem Identification * Assumptions
Causes * Resolution
Exercises * Resources
Resources