Transcript Chapter 5- Windows Installation

PC Support & Repair
Chapter 5
Windows Installation
Objectives
• After completing this chapter, you will meet these
objectives:
▫ Explain the purpose of an operating system.
▫ Describe and compare operating systems to include
purpose, limitations, and compatibilities.
▫ Determine the operating system based on customer
needs.
▫ Install and upgrade an operating system.
▫ Understand & describe the boot process.
The Operating System
• OS provides interface between
user, application & hardware
OS Terms
• All modern OS’s have all of these capabilities
Describing Operating Systems
Multi-user
Two or more users have individual accounts to work
with programs and devices at the same time
Multitasking
OS can operate multiple programs at the same time
Multiprocessing
OS can support two or more CPUs
Multithreading
OS can execute different parts of a program (thread) at
the same time without interfering with each other
Basic Functions of an OS
Purpose of OS: Hardware Access
• Interaction between hardware & application
• Device driver handles this
▫ Program from hardware manufacturer
• PnP auto detects hardware & installs driver
▫ OS then configures the device
▫ Updates the registry
Purpose of OS: File & Folder Management
• Folders (directories), subfolders (sub-directories),
Files
Purpose of OS: User Interface
GUI (graphical user interface)
CLI (command line interface)
Purpose of OS: Application Management
• Click an icon, OS locates program, loads into RAM
• OS makes sure the application has system resources
• An Application Programming Interface (API) is a set of
guidelines used by programmers to ensure that the
application they are developing is compatible with an OS.
▫ Open Graphics Library (OpenGL) – Cross-platform standard
specification for multimedia graphics
▫ DirectX – Collection of APIs related to multimedia tasks for
Microsoft Windows
▫ Windows API- Allows old Windows programs to work in
newer versions of Windows
▫ Java API- related to Java programming
Review- 4Q
• You are creating a new web design software. What
guidelines do you need to follow to ensure it will work on
an OS?
▫ API
• DOS has what kind of interface?
▫ CLI
• Windows has what kind of interface?
▫ GUI
• What are the 4 basic functions of an OS?
▫ Hardware access, manage files/folders, user interface,
manage applications
Processor Architecture
• Amount of data a CPU can handle; How an OS processes
data; 32-bit & 64-bit OS
• 32-bit (x86) OS
▫ Can only access up to 4GB RAM
• 64-bit (x64) OS
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Can access more than 128GB RAM
Data path is bigger, faster
Need 64-bit program to take advantage of it
Backwards compatible with 32-bit
Desktop OS
• Supports a single user
• Runs single-user applications
• Shares files & folders on a small network with limited
security
• Windows, Mac OS, Linux
▫ Linux is open-source
▫ Many different versions of Windows & Mac OS
Network OS (NOS)
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Supports multiple users
Runs multi-user applications
Increased security over Desktop OS
Network resources:
▫ Server applications/shared
databases
▫ Central file storage
▫ Centralized user acct management
▫ Redundant storage
▫ Network printing
Project
• 5.1.2.3
▫ Search NOS Certifications & Jobs
Pick the Right OS
• What’s their budget?
• What applications is the customer
using?
▫ Will the OS be compatible?
• Is it compatible with the existing
hardware?
Check Minimum Requirements
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RAM
Hard disk drive
CPU
Video adapter card
• May need to upgrade some
• Make sure you have more than minimum
Checking OS Compatibility
• Verifies your hardware is compatible with the OS
▫ Upgrade Advisor or Assistant
Windows OS Upgrades
• Helps remain
compatible with newer
hardware
• Check requirement
before upgrading
• BACK UP ALL DATA!
Data Migration
• 3 tools to transfer data
▫ User State Migration Tool (USMT)
 User files and settings
 Download from Microsoft
▫ Windows Easy Transfer
 Transfers files and settings
 USB, CD/DVD, flash drive, external drive, network
Professor
Messer
Project
• Lab 5.1.4.4
▫ Data Migration in Windows 10
▫ ONLY TRANSFER PICTURES FOLDER
Review- 2Q
• Before you install a new OS, you should check if your
hardware will work with it. What should you
reference?
▫ Windows Compatibility Center
• Windows & Mac are versions of what types of OS
that are designed for a single user?
▫ Desktop OS
Parts of the Hard Drive
• Sector
▫ Small section
• Cluster
▫ One or more sectors
• Track
▫ One complete circle of
data on one side of a
hard drive platter
▫ A track is broken into
groups of sectors
Clean Install
• When passing on computer to another user
• When OS is corrupt
• When replacing hard drive
• Install from CD/DVD is most common
▫ Must set BIOS to boot from optical drive
• During install, you can partition/format a hard drive
▫ This process prepares a file system in a partition for
files to be stored
Partition Standards
BIOS
UEFI
• Looks at beginning of 1st disk
• Checks boot sector for MBR
• The MBR contains the boot
loader
▫ Boot loader knows where OS is
stored & how to start it
• BIOS doesn’t know about
partitions or OS
• Smarter than BIOS
• Knows about all disks/partitions
and installed OSs
• Uses a GPT (GUID Partition Table)
Primary Partition
• Contains OS files
• Usually the 1st partition
• Can be divided into smaller partitions
• MBR BIOS drive: Max of 4 primary partitions
• GPT UEFI drive: Max of 128 primary partitions
Active & Extended PartitionMBR BIOS Drives Only
• Active Partition used to store and boot the OS
▫ Only 1 primary can be marked active at a time
▫ Usually the C: drive
• Need more than 4 partitions per drive?
• Extended Partition
▫ These are not bootable
▫ Only 1 extended partition per hard drive
▫ Extended can be broken up further into LOGICAL DRIVES
 Can be split up to 24 more
MBR BIOS Drive Example
1st Hard Drive; Bootable; All of the HD is one
letter; PRIMARY PARTITION
C:
C:
C:
1st Hard Drive; C: is PRIMARY bootable; D: is an
EXTDENDED LOGICAL PARTITION
D:
D:
E:
1st Hard Drive; C: is PRIMARY bootable; D: & E:
are EXTDENDED LOGICAL PARTITIONS
Disk Types
• Basic
▫ Default
▫ Can have partitions
• Dynamic
▫ Can create volumes
▫ Change sizes of partitions
Review- 3Q
• If you have 2 MBR BIOS hard drives, how many
primary partitions can you have?
▫8
• Which MBR BIOS partition has the boot loading files?
▫ Active, usually C: drive
• If you have 2 physical MBR BIOS hard drives, how
many extended partitions can you have?
▫2
UEFI GPT Drives
• All partitions are primary
• NO active, extended, or logical
• Only for 64-bit systems
• Check what format you have:
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Disk Management
Right-click on drive…Properties
Volume Tab
Look at Partition Style
Activity
New Install- Formatting the Drive
• FAT32
▫ Generally can be used in XP & earlier
▫ Supports partitions up to 2TB
• NTFS
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Used most of the time
Supports partitions up to 16 exabytes
Has better file security (encryption & compression)
Supports larger file sizes
New Install- Formatting the Drive
• exFAT (FAT 64)
▫ For flash drives & card
• Compact Disk File System (CDFS)
▫ For optical drives
• Network File System (NFS)
▫ Allows files to be accessed over a network
▫ Open standard
Types of Formatting
• Quick Format
▫ Erases files
▫ Does NOT scan for bad sectors
• Full Format
▫ Erases files
▫ Scans for bad sectors
▫ Takes longer
Review- 5Q
• What is a complete circle of data on a HD?
▫ Track
• How many partitions can there be per MBR HD?
▫ 4
• How many active partitions can there be at a time?
▫ 1
• What partition contains the OS?
▫ Primary
• You partitioned the HD with an OS C:, and D: for data
only. What kind of partition is D:?
▫ Extended partition
Install Windows 8/10
Types of User Accounts
• Administrator
▫ Created on first install
▫ Can make any changes to system
• Standard
▫ Has fewer permissions
▫ Can’t make changes that affect other users or security
• Guest
▫ Very limited permissions
• Control Panel >> User Accounts
Activity
• Install Windows Lab
▫ FOLLOW DIRECTIONS INCLUDING THE USERNAME AND
PASSWORD!
• Check for Windows Updates Lab
Review- 3Q
• Can you complete an install w/out the key?
▫ Yes, delayed up to 30 days
• During install, you are asked to create a user name &
password. What kind of account is created during
this step?
▫ Administrator account
• What’s the difference between an Admin & Standard
account?
▫ Admin can change security settings, install software,
and make changes to all accounts
Installing on Multiple Computers
Disk Cloning
• Create an image for
cloning
• Install OS, software, &
settings on one
computer
• Run Sysprep
• Create an image using
cloning software
• Copy image to a server
Network Installation
• Image or OS files are on a server & client can access
the server
• If no OS on client
▫ NIC must be PXE-enabled
▫ NIC listens for the instructions
Restore, Refresh, Recover
• System Restore
▫ To an earlier restore point
• Refresh Your PC (Win 8 & 10)
▫ Restores system software back to original state
WITHOUT deleting user data or apps
• Recovery Partition
▫ Has an image to restore PC back to original state
▫ Usually press a key to boot to recovery mode
System Recovery
• Press & hold F8 on boot
• Troubleshoot & then Advanced Boot Options
▫ Windows Startup Settings
 Enable Safe Mode, disable auto reboot so you can see & read
blue screen error message
▫ System Restore
 Restore to an earlier point
▫ System Image Recovery
 Restores using a system image
▫ Automatic Repair
 Scans to repair boot issues
▫ Command Prompt
▫ UEFI
Activity
Review- 3Q
• How many primary partitions can be on an MBR HD?
▫4
• You are installing a clean copy of 10. What option do
you select when the DVD starts?
▫ Custom (Advanced)
• What 3 things can be done when Custom is chosen?
▫ Clean install
▫ Partition change
▫ Select where to install OS
Review- 2Q
• What kind of install uses a master computer all set
up and then you “copy” it to all of your other
computers?
▫ Cloning or imaging
• In order to install an OS over the network, what must
be installed & configured on your PC?
▫ PXE-enabled NIC
Windows 10 Boot Sequence
1. Power On Self Test (POST)
▫ Any errors will be beep-codes
2. BIOS locates & reads config settings in CMOS
▫ Finds what device to boot to
 This is where the OS is
3. Windows Boot Manager starts (BOOTMGR)
▫ WINLOAD.EXE finds boot partition
▫ Loads NTOSKRNL.EXE & HAL.DLL
▫ Registry is read and drivers are loaded
Activity- Order the boot steps
Startup Modes
• Press F8 on boot for Advanced Startup Options
• Safe Mode
▫ Starts Windows with basic drivers
• Safe Mode with Networking
▫ Starts Windows in Safe Mode with drivers for NIC
• Safe Mode with Command Prompt
▫ Starts Windows and loads the command prompt instead of
GUI
• Last Known Good Configuration
▫ Loads the configuration settings that were used the last
time that Windows started successfully
The Registry
• Every setting is stored in the registry
• Begin with HKEY_
Multiboot Procedures
• BOOTMGR will see if you have multiple OSs
▫ If so, you get a menu to choose the OS
▫ 1 OS per partition
▫ Oldest OS on first, active partition
Create New Partition- Disk Management
• Extend, split partitions, assign drive letters
• Right-click on Computer, Manage
• Extend Partition
▫ Right-click, Extend Volume
• Split Partition
▫ Right-click, Shrink Volume
▫ Format the new space & assign letter
Changing Drive Letters
• From the Disk Management, right-click the drive and
select Change Drive Letter and Paths
RAID- Multiple Drives & Redundancy
• RAID 0
▫ Data STRIPED or spread across drives
▫ Drive fails= you’ll be missing parts of files
• RAID 1
▫ Data is MIRRORED to other drives
▫ 2 1TB drives gives you 1TB of usable storage
• RAID 5
▫ STRIPED & REDUNDANCY
▫ With PARITY to help rewrite striped data if fails
Videos
Which RAID?
Project
• Lab 5.2.4.7
▫ Create a partition in Windows 10
File Locations
• User Files
▫ C:\Users\User_name\
• System Files
▫ C:\Windows\system32
• Fonts
▫ C:\Windows\Fonts
• Program Files
▫ 32-bit system: C:\Program Files (x86)
▫ 64-bit system: C:\Program Files & C:\Program Files
Directories & Files
• File Rules:
▫ 255 characters max
▫ Can’t use a slash or a backslash
(/ \)
▫ File extension added to
filename
▫ Filenames are not case sensitive
• Unhide the file extensions
▫ Control Panel, Folder Options
File Attributes
• How each file can be viewed or altered
▫ R - read-only
▫ A - The file will be archived the next time that the disk
is backed up
▫ S - system file; warning given if an attempt is made to
delete or modify the file
▫ H - hidden in the directory display
Review- 4Q
• 1st thing when computer turns on?
▫ POST
• What do you think will happen if you get a
“BOOTMGR is missing” message?
▫ OS will not load
• What does BOOTMGR do?
▫ Menu of what OS to select
• What does MBR stand for?
▫ Master boot record
PC Support & Repair
Chapter 5
Windows Installation