Transcript Chapter 22 PowerPoint Presentation

Files Used in the Boot
Process
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Ntldr
Boot.ini
Bootsect.dos
Ntdetect.com
Ntbootdd.sys
Ntoskrnl.exe
Hal.dll
System
Device drivers
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Preboot Sequence
• The computer runs power-on self test (POST) routines.
• The computer BIOS locates the boot device and loads and
runs the master boot record (MBR).
• The MBR locates, loads into memory, and executes the
boot sector.
• The computer loads and initializes the Ntldr file.
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Boot Sequence
• Gathers information about hardware and drivers
• Uses Ntldr, Boot.ini, Bootsect.dos (optional),
Ntdetect.com, and Ntoskrnl.exe
• Consists of four phases:
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Initial boot loader
Operating system selection
Hardware detection
Configuration selection
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Kernel Load
• Ntldr loads Ntoskrnl.exe but does not initialize it.
• Ntldr loads the hardware abstraction layer file (hal.dll).
• Ntldr loads the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM registry
key from systemroot\System32\Config\System.
• Ntldr selects the control set it will use to initialize the
computer.
• Ntldr loads device drivers with a value of 0x0 for the Start
entry.
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Kernel Initialization
• Ntldr passes control to the kernel.
• The system displays a graphical screen with a status bar
indicating load status.
• The kernel creates the registry key that contains hardware
information.
• The kernel creates the Clone control set.
• The kernel loads and initializes device drivers.
• Session Manager starts the higher-order subsystems and
services.
• Session Manager executes the instructions in the
BootExecute data item, and in the Memory Management,
DOS Devices, and SubSystems keys.
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Logon
• The Win32 subsystem automatically starts Winlogon.exe.
• Winlogon.exe starts Local Security Authority and displays
the Logon dialog box.
• The Service Controller executes and makes a final scan of
the Services subkey, looking for services with the value
0x2 for the Start entry.
• Windows 2000 startup is good when a user successfully
logs on to the system.
• The system copies the Clone control set to the
LastKnownGood control set.
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Microsoft Windows 2000
Control Sets
• The control sets are stored as subkeys of the registry key
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM.
• The CurrentControlSet subkey is a pointer to one of the
ControlSet00x keys.
• The Clone control set is a clone of the control set used to
initialize the computer (either Default or LastKnownGood).
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The HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\
SYSTEM\Select Registry
Subkey
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Current
Default
Failed
LastKnownGood
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The Last Known Good
Process
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Use the Last Known Good
Configuration Option
• If you install a new device driver, and Microsoft Windows
2000 restarts, but the system stops responding
• If you accidentally disable a critical device driver
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Don’t Use the Last Known
Good Configuration Option
• When the problem isn’t related to Windows 2000
configuration changes
• After you log on
• When startup failures relate to hardware failures or
missing or corrupted files
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Safe Mode
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Other Advanced Boot
Options
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Enable Boot Logging
Enable VGA Mode
Last Known Good Configuration
Directory Services Restore Mode
Debugging Mode
Boot Normally
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Components of the Boot.ini
File
• [boot loader]
• Timeout
• Default
• [operating systems]
• Contains a line for each available operating system on
the computer
• Uses ARC paths
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ARC Paths
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Boot.ini Switches
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/basevideo
/fastdetect=[comx | comx,y,z]
/maxmem:n
/noguiboot
/sos
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Modifications to Boot.ini
• Modify the timeout and default parameter values using
System Properties.
• Manually edit parameter values in the Boot.ini file.
• Clear the read-only and system attributes of the Boot.ini
file to edit.
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Installing and Starting the
Recovery Console
• Install from the Windows 2000 Professional source files.
• Run i386/winnt32/cmdcons to install the Recovery
Console.
• Access from the Please Select Operating System To Start
menu.
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Accessing the Recovery
Console from CD-ROM
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Boot off the CD-ROM or Setup Boot diskettes.
Press Enter at the Setup Notification message.
Press R to repair an installation.
Press C to start the Recovery Console.
Type the number of the Windows 2000 installation you
wish to repair.
• Type the administrator password and press Enter.
• Type Help and press Enter to view the list of available
commands.
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