Transcript The Birth of Modern Europe Feudal System in Medieval England

The Birth of Modern Europe
Feudal System in Medieval England
Georgia Performance Standards
• SSWH7 The student will analyze European medieval
society with regard to culture, politics, society, and
economics.
• a. Explain the manorial system and feudalism; include
the status of peasants and feudal monarchies and the
importance of Charlemagne.
• b. Describe the political impact of Christianity; include
Pope Gregory VII and King Henry IV of Germany (Holy
Roman Emperor).
• c. Explain the role of the church in medieval society.
• d. Describe how increasing trade led to the growth of
towns and cities.
Essential Questions
• Describe the structure of the manor and of
feudalism – what was the status of peasants and
kings and the importance of Charlemagne?
• Explain how Christianity and the church had a
political impact on medieval society – how were
Pope Gregory VII and King Henry IV of Germany
involved?
• Identify how trade was conducted in medieval
society, how it increased and impacted the
growth of towns and cities.
Feudalism
• Feudalism was a political
system used to defend
the kingdom.
• The king divided his
lands into parts and gave
them to high-ranking
nobles for protection.
• The nobles then gave
smaller parts of land
(fiefs) to vassals (low
ranking lords/knights).
• Vassals pledged their
loyalty and military
support to nobles.
Manorial System
• Goal was to make the
kingdom self-sufficient.
• Lords invited peasants
to live and work on a
plot of land in the
manor.
• Peasants then paid the
lord in farm products,
time working in his
house, etc.
Charlemagne
• He is known as the father
of Europe because he
united most of Western
Europe while he was the
king of France and Italy.
• He was crowned the first
Holy Roman Emperor by
Pope Leo II in 800 AD.
• “Holy Roman
Emperor” was the title
that was given to the
ruler of a loose group of
places in mostly central
Europe.
Christianity and Medieval Society
• The church was the
dominant force in medieval
society.
• It built major cathedrals,
universities, and taxed the
people.
• The pope grew so powerful
that Pope Gregory VIII was
able to excommunicate the
Holy Roman Emperor Henry
IV over a disagreement on
appointing church officials.
How Trade Impacted Medieval Society
• The manorial system
improved agriculture to
support a town.
• Trade fairs popped up
across Europe and were
extremely popular – it was
economically better to tax
trade at a fair.
• Towns themselves
contributed to stability with
higher tax funds (more
people to tax in one place).
Stories and Myths of Medieval
Society
• King Arthur/Knights of
the Round
Table/Camelot
• Robin Hood
• Honor/Honor of Ladies
• The Church as a good
guy/bad guy
• Great quests/Crusades
• Wizards/Magic
• Loyalty/Heroes/Fights for
land
• Monsters/Mythical
creatures
The Rise of Florence
Georgia Performance Standards
• The student will analyze change and
continuity in the Renaissance and
Reformation.
• a. Explain the social, economic, and political
changes that contributed to the rise of
Florence and the ideas of Machiavelli.
• c. Explain the main characteristics of
humanism; include the ideas of Petrarch,
Dante, and Erasmus.
Essential/DOK Questions
• EQ 4: Assess the factors
that led to the rise of
Florence, the ideas of
Machiavelli and Humanism.
The Rise of Florence, Italy
• Florence is the
birthplace of the
Renaissance.
• Large and wealthy city.
• Controlled by the
Medici Family during
this time, who were
bankers to the Pope.
• But they were also
patrons of the arts and
artists.
Niccolo Machiavelli
• He was a political
thinker/philosopher.
• He was commissioned by
the Medici Family to write
several works, including
his most famous, The
Prince.
• The Prince gives advice on
how to rule, obtain and
maintain power over
others.
Humanism
• Humanism is
the belief that
humans are
valuable, either
as individuals or
as a group.
Famous Humanists
• Petrarch was the founder
of Humanism – he was an
Italian philosopher and
poet and regarded as
helping create the modern
Italian language.
• Dante was an Italian poet
and the author of The
Divine Comedy – widely
considered to be the best
piece of literature in the
Italian language.
• Erasmus – translated the
New Testament into Latin
and Greek.
Georgia Performance Standards
• The student will analyze change and continuity
in the Renaissance and Reformation.
• d. Analyze the impact of the Protestant
Reformation; include the ideas of Martin Luther
and John Calvin.
• e. Describe the Counter Reformation at the
Council of Trent and the role of the Jesuits.
• f. Describe the English Reformation and the role
of Henry VIII and Elizabeth I.
• g. Explain the importance of Gutenberg and the
invention of the printing press.
Essential/DOK Questions
• Distinguish among the religious
reformations during this time
period and their impact on the
Catholic Church and the
monarchy of England.
• Examine the importance of the
invention of the printing press.
The Protestant Reformation
• In 1517 - Fed up with Catholicism,
Martin Luther, a former
priest/monk, nailed a document
called 95 Theses to the door of
the Wittenberg Cathedral in
Germany.
• His ideas on indulgences spread
across Europe in only 6 weeks (!)
due to the recent invention of the
printing press by Johannes
Gutenberg.
• John Calvin also led a movement
to reform the Catholic Church
dealing with predestination.
The Counter Reformation
• The Catholic Church
regrouped to respond to
the Protestant
Reformation with
reforms.
• The Council of Trent was
one such reform
meeting.
• The Catholic Church was
losing Catholic countries
to the Protestant
movement.
• They saw these new
Protestants as heretics
who had lost their way.
The English Reformation
• England was Catholic until
King Henry VIII desired an
annulment from the Pope for
his marriage to his first wife.
• She had not given him the son
and heir he wanted.
• The Pope said no, so Henry
had Parliament declare
himself leader of the church of
England, which eventually
became Protestant.
• Then he got all the divorces
and beheadings he desired.
Order of the Wives
• Catherine of Aragon
(Divorced).
• Anne Boleyn (Executed)
• Jane Seymour (Died in
Childbirth)
• Anne of Cleves (Divorced)
• Catherine Howard
(Executed)
• Catherine Parr
(Widowed)
Elizabeth I
• Daughter of King Henry VIII
and Anne Boleyn.
• She became queen after
the death of her half
siblings King Edward VI
and “Bloody Mary” Mary I
(who briefly restored
Catholicism during her
reign).
• Elizabeth, a Protestant,
was known as the Virgin
Queen as she never took a
husband.
• She reigned for 45 years.
Georgia Performance Standards
• SSWH9 The student will analyze change and
continuity in the Renaissance and
Reformation.
• b. Identify artistic and scientific achievements
of Leonardo da Vinci, the “Renaissance man,”
and Michelangelo.
Essential/DOK Questions
•Critique the
achievements of
Leonardo da Vinci and
Michelangelo.
Leonardo da Vinci
• Da Vinci was an Italian, a
“Renaissance Man,”
talented in the arts,
science, literature and
history.
• He is considered to be one
of the greatest painters of
all time and is well known
for his inventions (such as
parachutes, basic principles
of flight for helicopters,
and scuba gear)
Da Vinci
Paintings
The
Mona
Lisa
The Louvre, Paris
The Louvre, Paris
The Mona
Lisa Today
Da Vinci’s The Last Supper
Michelangelo
• Also an Italian
Renaissance Man,
Michelangelo’s talent as
a painter and sculptor
rivals that of da Vinci.
• Michelangelo is most
well known for his
sculpture of David and
the paintings of the
ceiling of the Sistine
Chapel and the dome of
St. Peter’s Basilica in
Rome.
The
Sculpture
of David
The Sistine Chapel