Transcript Unit One Chapter 3.4 - 5

Unit One
9th Grade World History II
Ch. 3.4 The Crusades
• Series of military expeditions between
Muslims and Christians
• Pope Urban II in 1099 AD called for
Christians to regain holy land
(Jerusalem)
• Effects and Impact – created the
desire for trade
Medieval towns: Crowded, dirty, polluted
Ch. 4.1 Middle Ages
• 500-1500 AD
• Also called the Medieval Period
• Feudalism – political and social system of
nobles (lords) and vassals
• Knights – social prestige; backbone of
European nobility
• Serfs – peasants legally bound to the
manor
The growth of trade led to the rise
of cities!
Trade led to the development of a
money economy
Commercial capitalism – making
profits (Commercial Revolution)
• Christian rites – sacraments –
Baptism, Wedding, Eucharist
(communion)
• Heresy –witchcraft hysteria
• Inquisition- Court established to
try heretics.
• Johannes Gutenberg invented
the printing press in 1450. He
first mass produced the Bible.
• Spread the ideas of the
Renaissance and Reformation.
• Medieval Architecture
– Romanesque churches – basilica shape,
vaults, very dark style called Gothic had flying
buttresses which allowed magnificent stained
glass windows
Flying Buttresses
The Black Death
Bubonic Plague in 1347– spread by
bacterium on fleas on rats – killed 2/3 of
Europe’s population 50 – 60% of cities –
mainly affecting children and the elderly
Ring around the rosey
Pocket full of posies
Ashes, Ashes,
We all Fall Down!!
Bubonic Plague
• Hundred Years War between England and
France – Joan of Arc ended war
• THE MIDDLE AGES END by the 15th
century
Chapter 5 Notes Section 1
The Renaissance
The Italian Renaissance
• Renaissance means rebirth. 1350-1550 –
of ancient Greek and Roman classics, art,
architecture, literature
• Begins in Italy and spreads throughout
Europe
• Urban society, recovery from disasters
such as plague, new view of humans and
individuals ex. Leonardo Da Vinci
Documents:
• Magna Carta – 1215: limited the power of
the King for the first time in Europe.
• Niccolo Machiavelli wrote– The Prince –
about political power.
Renaissance Society
3 social classes or estates
– Nobility: old versus new money
– Townspeople and Peasants: 80 – 95% of the
population
– Top of urban society -- patricians
Family and Marriage
• Marriage contract – based on size of
dowry: money given with a bride
• Fathers had absolute power over children
had to free them before a judge.
Section 2 Notes: Intellectual and
Artistic Renaissance
• Humanism – study of the classics –
philosophy, history, ancient Greece and
Rome
• Vernacular – language –Geoffrey Chaucer
made it popular by writing the Canterbury
Tales
• Dante wrote Divine Comedy
Education:
• Studied liberal arts, few females
• Artistic – fresco, imitate nature, human
anatomy, art and architecture – copy
Greek and Roman statues
• Raphael, Michelangelo, Durer, Leonardo
da Vinci
Art History Identifications
• For each of the next slides,
you must know the name of
the painting, etc and the
artist’s name
“Creation” – Sistine Chapel Ceiling
by Michelangelo finished in 1512
Sistine Chapel Ceiling in Rome
• Mona Lisa
By Da Vinci
The Last Supper
by Leonardo Da Vinci
• Vitruvian Man
By Da Vinci
• David
By Michelangelo