Transcript The Rise of Europe

Chapter 7: 500-1300
Section 1: The
Early Middle Ages

 Collapse of the Roman Empire created a decline in
Western Europe
 Invaders, trade declined, towns emptied, very little
classical learning
 Referred to as the Dark Ages
 Currently, it is the Medieval, or Middle Ages
The Early Middle Ages
 Germanic Tribes
 Goths, Vandals,
Saxons, Franks
 Farmers and
herders lived in
small communities
 Kings were elected
and warriors
served them

 Clovis, King of the
Franks-he conquered
Gaul (today it’s France)
 He converted to
Christianity- made an
ally in the Pope
 Islam, began in Arabia
 Took over Christian
lands from Palestine to
Spain
 Battle of Tours
 Christians triumphed
over the Muslims and
they no longer advanced
into Western Europe.
The Early Middle Ages
Age of Charlemagne
 CharlemagneCharles the Great
 Fought the
Muslims, Saxons,
Avars, Slavs, and
Lomards-able to
reunite the
Western Roman
Empire

 Charlemagne was
proclaimed Emperor of
the Romans for helping
Pope Leo III
 This upset the emperor
in the Eastern Roman
Empire- and further
divided the two
Christian worlds.
 United Christian
Empire
The Early Middle Ages
Age of Charlemagne
 Charlemagne's Legacy
 Spread Christianity
throughout the land
and converted many
other groups.
 Officials to carry out
laws and keep
detailed records.
 Education
 Encouraged local
schools and wanted
Latin to be taught

 Extended Christian
empire
 Blended Germanic,
Roman, & Christian
traditions.
 Strong and efficient
governments.
The Early Middle Ages
Europe After Charlemagne
 After he died his son took
over, Louis I
 Louis I, sons battled for
power-the three divided
the empire into three
regions, Treaty of Verdun
 Invasions
 Muslims continued to
threaten
 Magyars, from Hungary
took over Eastern Europe

 Vikings
 Farmers and sailors,
traders, and explorers
Section 2: Feudalism and the Manor Economy
 Feudalism- System of rule in
which powerful lords divided
land among vassals, lesser
lords. They provided service
and loyalty to the powerful
lord.
 Land Loyalty and Military
service
 Knights

 Left at age 7-to the castle of his
father’s lord.
 Learned to ride, fight, keep his
armor clean
 Discipline and training was
harsh and strict
 Fought on horseback-swords,
axes, and lances as weapons
 Wore armor and carried
shields
 Castles
Feudalism and the Manor Economy
 Noblewomen
 Stone high walls, towers,
and drawbridges over
moats.
 Homes for the lords and
fortresses
 Took over while the husband or
father was away
 Some women did inherit landmost land went to the firstborn
son
 Women were sent for training
in weaving, spinning, and
supervising servants
 Some learned to read and write
 Expected to have many
children and serve her husband

 Chivalry
 Brave, Loyal, and true to their
word
Feudalism and the Manor Economy
Manors Support Feudalism
 Manor- Lord’s estate
 Lord, Peasants, and Serfs

 Serfs, they were not slaves that were brought and sold.
However, they were not free and could not leave the land
without permission.
 Peasants- worked farming the land, repairing bridges and
roads. Must ask permission to marry, and they paid to use the
grain mill.
 In return, they had land to farm, protection from war. They had
food, housing, and land.
Feudalism and the Manor Economy
 The manor produced everything they needed. Peasants did
not have schooling, and rarely left the manor.
 Cottages and huts is where the peasants lived. A church,
lord’s house, and grain mill were close by. Around the village
were strips of land where they farmed, then land for the
animals and hay.
 Life

 Men, women and children all worked harsh long hours.
 Black bread (Rye) with cabbage, turnips, and onions was a
common meal. Rarely did they have meat.
 Families kept their animals in their huts with them at night.
 Christmas and Easter was time to celebrate! A week off of work,
eating, dancing, and sports took place during this time.
Section 3: The Medieval Church
 The Church was incredibly  Cathedrals
important to daily life.
 Gothic style large ornate
Priests interpreted the Bible,
buildings.
guided people on morale
issues and helped the sick
and needy.
 Holidays and celebrations
happened at the Church

 Tithe or tax (1/10 of their
income) went to the Church
 Churches started as small
wooden structures, then to
stone buildings
The Medieval Church
 Men and women are equal
 Church Power Grows
before God.
 Popes claimed Papal
 On Earth, women are weak and
Supremacy, authority over
easily led into sin.
all rulers.
 Minimum age for marriage,
 Canon Law
harsh punishments to men that
 Governed, wills, marriage,
harm women. (Women had harsher
and morals.
penalties sometimes.)
 Punishments
 Monasteries and Convents
 Excommunication-not

 Monks (Men) Nuns (Women)
 Benedictine Rule
 Obedience to the monastery
 Poverty
 Chastity
 They educated, took care of the sick,
and helped others in any way they
could.
allowed to receive
sacraments
 Interdict-an entire town,
region or kingdom not
being allowed to receive
sacraments.
 Sacraments give a
Christian burial- no burial
condemns you to hell for
eternity.
The Medieval Church
 Corruption
 Wealth began corrupting monks and
nuns.
 Jews

 Priests that married, spent less time
at the Church.
 Reform
 Lived peacefully with Muslims
and Christians for hundreds of
years.
 Prejudice from Christians
increased. Jews were blamed for
illnesses or famine.
 They were forbidden from
owning land or having jobs.
 Few educated Jews were given
jobs as financial advisors or
physicians.
 Persecution forced the Jews to
moved eastward in Eastern
Europe, where they were
welcomed.
 Benedict Rule was imposed again.
 Bishops and nobles had no part in
church affairs.
 Friars
 Traveling monks that preached to
the poor.
Section 4: Economic Recovery Sparks Change
 Agriculture Revolution
 Revival of Trade and Travel
 Iron Plows and harnesses
for horses allowed for
larger fields
 Peasants cleared more
unused land and increased
the land in which to plant
 New system of planting
revived the soil and fed
more of the population.
 Chinese silks, gold jewelry,
Asian spices were all traded
throughout Europe.
 Towns first began as
merchants set up centers to
make and sell goods.

 As manor populations
grew, lords allowed
peasants to buy their
freedom and move to
towns.
Economic Recovery Sparks Change
A Commercial Revolution
 Money became more
important as trade
increased.
 Money allowed peasants to
sell their goods and services
rather than only work for
the lords.

 Capital, money for
investments.
 Merchants joined in
partnerships for large
business ventures.
 Insurance allowed
merchants to protect their
shipments.
 Credit was used instead of
cash or gold coins, practice
Europeans took from the
Muslims.
 Tenant farmers emerged,
paying rent for farmland.
Economic Recovery Sparks Change
The Rise of Middle Class
 Middle Class
 Group of merchants and
artisans-between the nobles
and peasants.
 Guild Members

 Guilds
 Merchants
 Passed laws and taxes, chose
what to spend town money
on.
 Artisans
 Workers for each occupation,
limited memberships. Only
members could work in that
trade.
 Regulated hours, quality,
and set prices.
 At 7 or 8, a child becomes
an apprentice, trainee
 Apprentice for 7 years, did
not get paid, but the guild
master provides housing
and training.
 Few became guild masters,
many were journeymen,
the salaried workers
 Women
 Same trade as husband or
father
 Ribbon making and
papermaking
Economic Recovery Sparks Change
Town and City Life
 Overcrowding
 So many people led
to people adding
more floors to their
houses.
 Churches with tall
steeples were in
almost every town
or city.
 No garbage pick up
or sewer systems.
Waste was thrown
into the streets.
 Towns were filthy,
smelly, noisy, and
crowded!
