Transcript MedievalSummaryx

Byzantine Empire
Roman Empire at its height 117 C.E.
Fall of Rome
• Rome was besieged
by various tribes
from modern day
Germany and
France.
Dark Ages part 1
Byzantine pt. 1
Constantine
324-337 CE
• Emperor
• Converted to
Christianity
spread it
throughout
• Founded
Constantinople
Byzantine Empire in the East
AKA Eastern Roman Empire
•Center at Constantinople;
•Embraced Greek culture & language
•Lasted nearly 1,000 years
Justinian
527-565 CE
• Great Emperor of
Eastern Roman
Empire (Byz.)
• Re-took parts of
old Roman
Empire from
barbarians (Italy,
Spain)
Justinian’s Empire at its Peak
Cont’d..
• Absolute power
• Improved
Constantinople:
– Rebuilt the city
– Built Churches
(more on this in a
sec…)
• Justinian’s
Code…
Justinian’s Code
• Single, uniform code to regulate
Byzantine Empire
• Taken from Roman law
• Decided legal ?s that regulated whole
areas of Byzantine life:
– Marriage, slavery, property, inheritance
• Lasted in Empire for 900years!!
Rebuilding…
• Churches = connection b/n church &
state = J’s gr8est passion..
• Hagia Sophia = crowning glory of his
reign!
• Many thought it was the “most splendid
church in the Christian world!”
Church of Hagia Sophia [Holy
Wisdom in Greek]
Interior of the Church of Hagia
Sophia
…and Greco-Roman learning
• Byz. families valued education
• Studied Classics & subjects from
Roman Empire
• Preserved great works of Ancient
Greece & Rome = we have them
today! 
Fall of the Byzantine Empire
• 1) Justinian Plague: 10,000ppl/day!!
40% of Constantinople’s pop!
• 2) Attacks from both sides:
– Persians
– Arabs
– Russians, and…
– OTTOMAN TURKS!!
Why do we care??
• Lasted for 1000ish years
• Preserved Greek culture
• Location of Constantinople (todayIstanbul)
• Orthodox Christianity– we learn
about tomorrow…
Christian Schism Between East & West
Western Roman Church
•Very centralized with Pope
Eastern Orthodox Church
•Very localized with patriarchs
•Priests celibate
•Priests may marry
•Services & Bible in Latin
exclusively
•Services may be given in the
vernacular
•Unleavened bread for
communion
•Leavened bread accepted
•Differences over importance and use of icons
•Both want control over the Balkans
•Had alternate conceptions of the Holy Trinity
The East-West Schism (1054)
•Patriarch rejects Roman
Papal authority
•Pope Leo IX and Patriarch
Michael Cerularius exchange
proclamations of excommunication
•Creates Roman Catholic & Easter Orthodox
Churches; schism remains to this day
Art
Last thing about the
Byzantines..
• Converted Slavs to Orthodox
Christianity…
• Missionaries invented “Cyrillic
Alphabet”– 4 Slavs 2 read!! (the
Bible, of course!)
• Why is that imp?: Slavic languages
& Russian are written in that
language today AND Slavs became
Christian… (More on Russia
tomorrow)
Periodization
Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000
High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250
Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500
Europe in the 6c
The Medieval Catholic Church
 filled the power vacuum left from the
collapse of the classical world.
 monasticism:
Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity,
and obedience.
 provided schools for the children of
the upper class.
 inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war.
 libraries & scriptoria to copy books
and illuminate manuscripts.
 monks  missionaries to the
barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]
The Power of the Medieval Church
 bishops and abbots played a large part in
the feudal system.
 the church controlled about 1/3 of the
land in Western Europe.
 tried to curb feudal warfare  only 40
days a year for combat.
 curb heresies  crusades; Inquisition
 tithe  1/10 tax on your assets given to
the church.
 Peter’s Pence  1 penny per person
[paid by the peasants].
A Medieval Monk’s Day
A Medieval Monastery: The Scriptorium
Illuminated Manuscripts
Romanesque Architectural Style
 Rounded Arches.
 Barrel vaults.
 Thick walls.
 Darker, simplistic interiors.
 Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.
Charlemagne: 742 to 814
Charlemagne’s Empire
Pope Crowned Charlemagne
Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800
The Carolingian Renaissance
Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses:
Treaty of Verdun, 843
Feudalism
A political, economic, and social
system based on loyalty and
military service.
Pyramid social structure
In Practice Things Were Not so Simple
•System relied heavily on subinfudation; a
particular vassal may have multiple loyalties
•Power was maintained through the granting of
fiefs, or manors; most kings relied on vassals
for military support
Carcassonne: A Medieval Castle
Parts of a Medieval Castle
The Road to Knighthood
KNIGHT
SQUIRE
PAGE
Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior
The Medieval Manor
Life on the Medieval Manor
Serfs at work
Village Bakery
Village Church
Peasant Home
Manorialism & Its Decline After Plague
•Manor system provided feudal lords with
wealth; peasants serfs were forced to work the
land in exchange for food and shelter; near
slave labor
•Serfs typically could not leave the manor
freely; had few rights and little economic
opportunity
•Trade expansion & plague would disrupt this
system; serfs could dictate wages and labor
opportunities would open up in the cities
c.1350
William the Conqueror:
Battle of Hastings, 1066
(Bayeaux Tapestry)
Evolution of England’s Political System
 Henry I:
 William’s son.
 set up a court system.
 Exchequer  dept. of royal finances.
 Henry II:
 established the principle of common law
throughout the kingdom.
 grand jury.
 trial by jury.
Quiz 11
A.
1. Identify “Crusades”
2. What is the Truce of God?
3. What were the results of the 1st
Crusade?
4. What is a subsistence economy?
5. What is the story of Eleanor of
Aquitaine?
Quiz 11
B.
1. Identify “Crusades”
2. What was the result of the 2nd Crusade?
3. What was the advantage of using a
horse?
4. What were the effects of coinage?
5. What were the cultural effects of the
Crusades?