Transcript The Byzantine Empire & The Middle Ages2

THE MIDDLE AGES
The Byzantine Empire
Heirs of Rome
Submitted to Gloucester Township
Public School by
Mr. C. Stephen Ingraham
Part 1 by C. Stephen Ingraham
Rome is gone, in the East its Byzantinum
In the West it has fallen apart
Fighting over icons the church divides into two parts.
In Constantinople Justinian, the emperor,
tries to recreate Roman glory
His wife, Theodora, champions women and the poor.
Muhammad worships the one god Allah
Founding Islam submitting to god’s will
Smashing statues in Mecca. The Muslims worship there still.
With more than one successor
Whose caliph? no one’s quite sure.
It doesn’t matter to the Sunni; the Shiites follow the fourth caliph.
Charlemagne and the Franks in France
try to recreate the empire’s western part,
but it becomes small kingdoms as Europe breaks apart.
The serfs live on a manor
Tenant farmers of a noble,
who was the vassal of a king, that’s the feudal system thing.
Sung to the Theme of “Gilligan’s Island”
The Middle Ages Song
CSI08
by C. Stephen Ingraham
The crusaders are off to the Holy Lands.
Fleas on rats bring the bubonic plague.
Small kingdoms form
Nation-States,
The Magna Carta
limits the king’s power,
More individual freedoms,
No one above the law,
That’s the Middle Ages.
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Sung to the Theme of “Gilligan’s Island”
The Middle Ages Song Part 2
Social Studies Block #__ Name ______________________________________
Ms. Holmes & Mr. Ingraham
Date __________________
Middle Ages Table of Contents
1. Middle Ages Song
2. Justinian I Looks to the Past
3. The Christian Church Divides
4. Herders and Townspeople
The Essential Questions –Middle Ages
What was life like during the Middle Ages?
What changes in life during this period result in the rise of the
middle class?
How did Christianity spread during this period?
How do established religions react when threatened?
Why do religions splinter and what effect does that have on
society?
How do political, economic, social, and cultural institutions and
events shape people’s way of thinking and lead to an
evolving society?
What were the effects of the Crusades on life in Europe?
How does the social structure of the Middle Ages compare to
urban and rural life in the present?
How do primary and secondary sources inform us about the
development and practices of society and government?
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Performance Assessment – The Middle Ages
Medieval Newspaper: Students will research and present a
newspaper which illustrates the major contributions of the
Middle Ages as well as the key events that changed the
outcome of Medieval Europe. Topics to research include,
but are not limited to; Medieval Castles, Medieval methods
of Torture, the Crusades, the Black Death, the Magna Carta,
Religion & Christianity, Heraldry, Feudalism, and the life of
Medieval Men & Women. Students may have opportunities
to research in class as well as create, revise, edit, and
publish the newspaper articles. This project can be enriched
or modified as needed for various learners in the class. An
Option may be to include on topic in newspaper or research
two or more topics and develop the newspaper.
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Vocabulary of the Middle Ages
Justinian Code – The Roman laws made simpler and more
understandable by Byzantine Emperor Justinian.
monopoly- complete control of the means of production.
mosaics – paintings and pictures using bits and pieces of
colored glass or stone.
orthodox – officially accepted Christainity of the Byzantine
Empire and centered in Constantinople.
icons – Holy pictures of Jesus and the saints.
patriarchs – Byzantine church leaders.
catholic – a word meaning universal or “all embracing”.
Middle Ages – The time of medieval Europe from
500 CE. - 1,500 CE.
pope – the leader of the Christian church based in Rome.
Christendom – the idea that all the Christians of every
kingdom formed a community.
crusaders – Christian volunteers who fought to free the
holy land from the Seljuk Turks who were Muslim.
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Feudal Vocabulary of the Middle Ages
manor – a large block of land made up of forests, meadows,
a church, a village, and the castle of the noble
who owned it all.
serfs – peasant farmers who worked the noble’s land. They
were tied to the land of a Noble.
tenant – someone who pays rent to the landowner.
vassal – a noble who agrees to perform service for the king
in time of war in exchange for use of the land.
contract – a written agreement (with the king & vassal).
feudal system – A system of trading protection for loyalty.
bubonic plague – a sickness caused by bites from fleas on
rats (also known as Black Death).
nation-state – a government with a strong central government,
laws, single ruler, language, customs, & standing army.
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Muslim Vocabulary of the Middle Ages
steppes – semi-dry plains of grass land.
Qur’an – The holy book of Islam.
Muslim – the religion of the followers of Muhammad’s
teaching and Islam.
Islam – means submitting to God’s will or following the
Qur’an.
caliph – A Muslim religious leader and successor to
Muhammad.
Shiite – Muslims who remain loyal to the descendants of the
fourth caliph.
Sunni – Muslims who accept the changing dynasties of
caliphs or successors to Muhammad.
mosques – Muslim houses of worship.
minarets – towers on mosques where Muslims are called to
worship five times a day.
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The Byzantine Empire
I.
A. Justinian I Looks to the Past
1.Constantine’s Roman capital of ____________ is located in the Byzantine
Empire which lasted almost 1000 years after the fall of Rome
2. The people of the Byzantine empire thought of themselves as Romans.
3.By 565 Emperor Justinian I reconquered much of the old Roman Empire.
4. Improvements to the Empire
a) Justinian made a new set of laws called ____________________________
which simplified and updated the Roman Twelve Tables
b) He had silkworm eggs and mulberry trees smuggled out of China to end their
complete control, or ________________ , of the silk trade.
c) He started a building program of new churches, roads, bridges, and aqueducts.
d) He had artists make magnificent paintings and _____________,
or pictures of bits of colored stone or glass.
B. Theodora, Bringer of Change
1. Justinian’s wife __________________ encouraged him to make laws that were
more fair to women. (property could be left to daughters)
2. She thought that people should be given jobs __________________________,
not because they were born into a high social class.
3. Unlike Justinian, she worked to protect people who followed other forms of
Christianity and not just the __________________, or offically accepted.
The Roman Empire
The Mediterranean Sea
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The Byzantine Empire
I.
C. The Christian Church Divides
1. Religion caused much disagreement and many bitter arguments.
2. One argument centered around _______________ , or holy
pictures of Jesus and the saints.
a) In the eastern part of the Byzantine Empire people felt that icons
were like worshiping _______________, which is forbidden in
the Ten Commandments.
b) In the western part of the Empire most the people could not read
or write. So icons were thought of a good way to teach
Christianity.
3. The Byzantine church leaders, or ________________ did not want
people to use Icons. Byzantine emperor Leo order them destroyed.
4. In 1054, the Christian Church split.
a) The church of Rome became the Roman Catholic, or _________
____________________
b) The church of Constantinople became the Eastern Orthodox
Church.
5. In 1453 a weaken government ended the Byzantine Empire.
Byzantine Empire
Atlantic
Ocean
Barbaric Tribes
EUROPE
Western Part of the
Black Sea
Roman Empire
ASIA
Mediterranean Sea
Byzantine Empire 622 CE
(Eastern Part of the Roman Empire)
AFRICA
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A. Herders and Townspeople
The Muslim Empire
1. The Arabian peninsula is two-thirds desert and the rest semi-dry, grassy
plains called ___________________.
2. Herders in tribes live as______________ raising camels, sheep, & goats.
3. These tribes of Arab people were led by a _________.
4. Towns formed on fertile spots with an underground water supply.
5. Mecca was the largest town to become a city.
a) There was no agriculture in the city, but it was a caravan stop over.
b) It had a religious cube-shaped building called the _____________,
which contained statues of the Arab gods.
B. Muhammad and Islam
1. About 570 A.D. ________________ was born in a poor family in Mecca.
2. He became unhappy about his tribe’s ______________ worship.
3. In a vision an angel told him that he was a messenger to humankind.
4. The message was there is no god but God, or ________.
5. Over the next 23 years there were more messages which were put
together in a holy book called the ______.
6. A _______________ is a follower of Muhammad and believes the
“Qur’an” is god’s word.
7. This religion is _____________ which means“submitting to God’s Will”.
8. In 622 A.D. Muhammad leaves Mecca, but returns with other Arab
tribes nine years later and destroyed all the idols in the Ka’ba.
EUROPE
* Constantinople
Spain
ASIA
Syria
Persia
Palestine
Alexandria*
Arabia
* Medina
* Mecca
AFRICA
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EUROPE
* Constantinople
Spain
ASIA
Syria
Persia
Palestine
Alexandria*
Arabia
* Medina
* Mecca
AFRICA
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The Muslim Empire
C. The Muslim Empire Grows
1. Muhammad spread Islam through his teaching and personal example.
2. After his death Muslim leaders chose a _____________,or “successor” to
Muhammad.
3. The first caliphs united ________________ under Muslim rule.
4. They lead armies into Mesopotamia, Syria, and Egypt
5. The Muslim invaders were welcomed because of the heavy taxes and
religious persecution of the Persian and Byzantine rulers.
6. By 750 A.D. the Muslim Empire reached from ____________ and North
Africa through Arabia and _________________ into parts of China and
the ___________________ River Valley.
7. Only the Byzantine Empire stood between the Muslim lands and Eastern
___________________.
E. Divisions Within the Muslim Empire
1. The ________________ family moved the Muslim capital from Medina to
Damascus, Syria..
2. The __________ family moved the capital in 750 CE. To Baghdad.
3. Descendants of Muhammad’s daughter set up another capital in _______ .
4. The Muslim community split into several groups:
a) The _______________ accepted the changing dynasties.
b) The _______________ not wanting either the Umayyad or Abbasid
families as rulers, remained loyal to Ali the four caliph’s descendants.
Byzantine Empire
Atlantic
Ocean
Holy Roman Empire
Black Sea
EUROPE
ASIA
Mediterranean Sea
Islam around 1096 CE
AFRICA
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Christianity
Beliefs
Divisions pp. 278-9
Islam
Beliefs
pp. 285-6 Divisions
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Europe in the Middle Ages
III.
A. Charlemagne Builds an Empire
1. ___________ _____ is the years from 500-1500 CE.
2. During the last days of the Roman Empire the
___________ _________ came to control much of
Western Europe.
3. The most powerful tribe was the _______________ and
their leader was ____________________________.
a) He conquered large parts of Italy, Germany, central
Europe, and Northern Spain.
b) He had close ties with the ___________, the leader of
the Christian church. (He defended the city of Rome)
c) He set up a school to teach the Noble’s children how
to rule responsibly.
4. After his death in 814 CE. Viking attacked from the North,
Slavs & Magyars from the East, and Muslims from the
South.
The Feudal System
1) Protection
2) Taxes
KING
Land
Fief
Atlantic
Ocean
EUROPE
Upper
Nobility
Upper
Nobility
Lower
Nobility
Lower
Nobility
Lower
Nobility
Lower
Nobility
Knights
Knights
Knights
Knights
SERFS
SERFS
SERFS
SERFS
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Europe in the Middle Ages
B. Life in the Middle Ages
1. Most Europeans lived in small villages which were part of a __________,
or a large block of land (made up of forests, meadows, farmland, the
village, a church, and the house or castle of the noble).
2. Peasants, or ____________ , farmed the land and lived in the village.
3. They were ____________, or people who pays rent to the noble in the
form of services and goods.
4. The Noble himself was a tenant of the King called a ____________, who
had agreed to perform services for the king in return for being given use of
the land. In a written contract he agreed to:
a) fight in the King’s Army
b) collect taxes.
5. This system of trading protection for loyalty became known as the ______
C. The Church and the Crusades
1. The idea that all of Europe’s separate kingdoms were united in a Christian
Community is known as ___________________________.
2. In 1095 Pope Urban II called on all Christians to help seize control of the
holy city of Jerusalem back from the Seljuk Turks.
3. Whole families volunteered to become ______________ marched across
Europe, but many died of hunger before reaching the holy land.
4. In eight attempts thousands of Christians and Muslims
died, but the Christian never gained control of Jerusalem.
The Crusades
1)
2)
3)
4)
EUROPE
1096-1099 CE.
1147-1149 CE.
1189-1192 CE.
1202-1204 CE.
2
* Constantinople
1
Spain
4
ASIA
* Antioch
Syria
3
Persia
Palestine
* Jerusalem
Alexandria*
Arabia
* Medina
* Mecca
AFRICA
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D. Disaster and Change
Europe in the Middle Ages
1. European cities became _________________ and
_____________ places.
2. Streets were full of people, animal, and garbage..
3. In the 1340s a deadly sickness called the Black death or the
_______________ ______________ hit Europe, caused by
the bites of fleas on rats.
4. One fourth of the people died.
5. The Europeans who survived blamed their kings and the
popes for not being able to stop the plague.
E. The Rise of Nation-States
1. Kings begin to take authority away from the nobles and
church leaders.
2. __________-________, or strong central government with a
single king, began to form in many parts of Europe.
3.Each of these governments had:
a) their own laws
b) leaders
c) full-time army
d) language
e) culture and customs
Byzantine Empire
Atlantic
Ocean
France
EUROPE
Black Sea
ASIA
Spain
Mediterranean Sea
The Rise of the Nation-States
Strong Central Government, ruler, laws,
full time army, common language, & customs.
AFRICA
CSI08
The Magna Carta
In 1215 the Nobles presented King John of
England with a list of 63 demands. In
forcing the monarch to sign this contract
he now had to accept responsibility for his
actions and he had to obey the laws like
everyone else. The king was also required
to have the general consent of the realm
before ordering new taxes. The nobles
while trying to protect themselves also
protected the freedoms of everyone in
England. For example the Magna Carta
gave the people the right to a trial by jury.
This right is guaranteed to Americans
today in the United States Constitution.
CSI08
Early Egypt Song
Sung to “Mary has a little Lamb”
The Nile River gives Egypt life
Water for the crops
And fertile silt
King Narmer unites us all
Upper and lower Egypt
Our pharaoh is the son of Ra
Pharaoh Zoser asked Imhotep
To build a pyramid
For his tomb and decorate it with
Hieroglyphics and gold.
The Ancient
Civilizations
Song by C. Stephen Ingraham
Amenemhet becomes the pharaoh
He conquers Nubia and Kush is tamed.
Merchants and craftworkers
Form the middle class.
Pharaoh Thutmose crushed the Hyksos.
Egypt extends to the Fertile Crescent
But Amenhotep and Nefertiti
Want all to worship the one god, Aton,
But the boy King Tut changes that
(and that’s a chapter three fact.)
By Mr. Ingraham
CSI08
The Ancient Civilizations Song
by C. Stephen Ingraham
You take the Minoans / On the island of Crete
They were seafaring traders / They were peaceful and sweet
They traded olive oil, wool, and pottery.
That’s what they’re all about! –(clap).
Chorus:
Tragedies are serious
Comedies are humorous,
Democracy is for us,
Greek culture is all about us! -(Clap, Clap).
You take the Mycenaeans / On the mountainous pelopennesus
They were a warlike people / Their wealth was a weapon census.
They borrowed writing, customs, and religious beliefs.
When they invaded Crete. –(clap).
They tell of Homer’s epic poem / about the beautiful Helen,
Who was kidnapped to Troy / all the Greeks started yelling.
They fought for ten years, then tried the Trojan horse trick
That’s the only way they could win. –(clap).
CSI08
The Ancient Civilizations Song
by C. Stephen Ingraham
The city-state of Sparta / was afraid of their slaves.
So at seven boys & girls / left for camp with many a waves
To live and die with honor was the Spartan way
Obedience is what it’s all about. –(clap).
Chorus: Tragedies are serious
Comedies are humorous,
Democracy is for us,
Greek culture is all about us! -(Clap, Clap).
In the city-state of Athens / 20 year old males could vote,
But no women or slaves. / They could only carry and tote.
Democracy, majority rule, Pericles, and Herodotus.
Hippocrates says illness is all about us. –(clap).
CSI08
The Ancient Civilizations Song
by C. Stephen Ingraham
Let me tell you of a civilization
Sung to the tune of “The Brady Bunch”
Sumer, Sumer was its name
It was between the Tigris and Euphrates,
but it was not alone.
There came along a mighty king,
Sargon, the Akkadian was the name.
He united all who feared him.
You join or you’re insane.
Still later came King Hammurabi
With his mighty long code of laws.
Even later came the Assyrian Army
Led by Sennacherib the “destroyer”,
Who crushed and killed
And stole until the Persian came along and conquered him.
The Persians set out / to conquer everything in sight,
Chorus:
But the Greeks wouldn’t give up / and united for a fight. Tragedies are serious
Both Darius and son, Xerxes both did try.
Comedies are humorous,
Many Persians had to die. –(clap).
Democracy is for us,
Alexander’s father died / so Macedonia wasn’t so great. Greek culture is all about us!
To conquer the known world / would be Alexander’s fate.
Around the Mediterranean he never lost a battle.
Spreading Greek culture all about. –(clap)
CSI08
The Ancient Civilizations Song
by C. Stephen Ingraham
The Patricians founded Rome
along the Tiber river
on the Italian peninsula.
They elected senators
Who elected two consuls
And in case of emergency
And appointed a dictator for everyone to see.
Chorus: Oh Roman artists copy Greek
Philosophy, writing, and art
The Greek and the Roman gods
you can’t tell them apart.
Gladiators fight to the death
while all the Romans cheer.
Aqueducts will bring in water
if no water’s near.
The Patrician excluded the Plebeians,
but after they threaten to leave,
the Plebeians elected ten tribunes,
who had the veto power.
Julius Caesar tried to help the poor,
but the Senate stabbed him in the back.
Even his best friend, Oh what do you think of that?
CSI08
The Ancient Civilizations Song
by C. Stephen Ingraham
Octavian and Mark Antony
Divide up the Roman empire,
but Cleopatra loved Mark Antony
and they decided to set up their own kingdom.
Octavian became Augustus after defeating them.
He was Rome’s first Emperor,
but the citizens still thought they had a Republic.
Chorus: Oh Roman artists copy Greek
Philosophy, writing, and art
The Greek and the Roman gods
you can’t tell them apart.
Gladiators fight to the death
while all the Romans cheer.
Aqueducts will bring in water
if no water’s near.
Some Hebrews thought that Jesus
was the messiah.
He said he was God’s son; His kingdom it would come.
The twelve apostles and St. Paul
spread the good news He had to say.
Constantine painted crosses on his shields
and Christianity saved the day!!!
CSI08
Part 1 by C. Stephen Ingraham
Rome is gone, in the East its Byzantinum
In the West it has fallen apart
Fighting over icons the church divides into two parts.
In Constantinople Justinian, the emperor,
tries to recreate Roman glory
His wife, Theodora, champions women and the poor.
Muhammad worships the one god Allah
Founding Islam submitting to god’s will
Smashing statues in Mecca. The Muslims worship there still.
With more than one successor
Whose caliph? no one’s quite sure.
It doesn’t matter to the Sunni; the Shiites follow the fourth caliph.
Charlemagne and the Franks in France
try to recreate the empire’s western part,
but it becomes small kingdoms as Europe breaks apart.
The serfs live on a manor
Tenant farmers of a noble,
who was the vassal of a king, that’s the feudal system thing.
Sung to the Theme of “Gilligan’s Island”
The Middle Ages Song
CSI08
by C. Stephen Ingraham
The crusaders are off to the Holy Lands.
Fleas on rats bring the bubonic plague.
Small kingdoms form
Nation-States,
The Magna Carta
limits the king’s power,
More individual freedoms,
No one above the law,
That’s the Middle Ages.
CSI08
Sung to the Theme of “Gilligan’s Island”
The Middle Ages Song Part 2
CSI08
The Muslim Empire
II. B. Muhammad and Islam
1. In about 570 A.D. ________________________ was
born in a poor, but important family in Mecca.
2. He became unhappy about his tribe’s ______________
worship.
3. In a vision the angel _________________ told him that
he was a messenger to humankind.
4. The message was there is no god but God, or ________.
5. Over the next 23 years there were more messages
which were put together in a holy book called the ______.
6. A _______________ is a follower of Muhammad and
believes the “Qur’an” is god’s word.
7. This religion becomes _______________ which means
“submitting to God’s Will”.
8. In 622 A.D. Muhammad leaves Mecca, but returns with
other Arab tribes nine years later and destroyed all the
idols in the Ka’ba.
II.
The Muslim Empire
E. Divisions Within the Muslim Empire
1. After his death Muslim leaders chose a _____________,
or “successor” to Muhammad.
2. The ________________ family moved the Muslim capital
from Medina to Damascus, Syria..
3. The __________ family moved the capital in 750 CE. To
Baghdad.
4. Descendants of Muhammad’s daughter set up another
capital in _________________, ____________.
5. The Muslim community split into several groups:
a) The _______________ accepted the changing
dynasties.
b) The _______________ not wanting either the
Umayyad or Abbasid families as rulers, remained loyal
to Ali the four caliph’s descendants.
Europe in the Middle Ages
III. E. The Rise of Nation-States
1. Kings begin to take authority away from the
nobles and church leaders.
2. __________-________, or strong central
government with a single king, began to form in
many parts of Europe.
3.Each of these governments had:
a) their own laws
b) leaders
c) full-time army
d) language
e) culture and customs
CSI08
Europe in the Middle Ages
III. C. The Church and the Crusades
1. The idea that all of Europe’s separate kingdoms were
united in a Christian Community is known as
___________________________.
2. In 1095 Pope Urban II called on all Christians to help
seize control of the holy city of Jerusalem back from the
Seljuk Turks.
3. Whole families volunteered to become ______________
marched across Europe, but many died of hunger before
reaching the holy land.
4. In eight attempts thousands of Christians and Muslims
died, but the Christian never gained control of Jerusalem.