Transcript England and France Develop

England and France Develop
As the kingdoms of England and
France began to develop into nations,
certain democratic traditions evolved.
Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms
By the early 800’s, small
Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
covered the former Roman
province.
The Anglo-Saxons were a
result of years of invaders
from Denmark and
Germany.
England or “Angles” were a
result of German tribes.
The Norman Conquest
Normandy was a land in Northern France that had been
invaded by Vikings.
In 1066 King Edward of England dies without an heir.
His cousin, William the Conqueror from Normandy claims the
English crown and invades England.
On October 14, 1066, The Battle of Hastings is a battle
between the Normans and Saxons over control of England.
Victory belongs to William and he claims all of England as his
own personal property. He grants fiefs to 200 Norman lords
and sets foundations for a centralized government.
Invasion of England
The Normans
English King Marries French Queen
This brings lots of land
Eleanor marries twice: Louis VII of France and Henry Plantagenet
of England
Henry and Eleanor have four sons including two kings of England:
John and Richard (the lion-hearted)
Henry II
Henry is a good ruler and introduced many concepts:
•Royal judges collect taxes, settle land suits and punish crimes
•Introduces the use of a jury system
•Facilitates Common Law
Eleanor of Aquitaine
The Good and The Bad
King Henry is succeeded by Richard (the Crusades guy)
When Richard dies, John rules from 1199-1216
John loses all lands in France and fails as a military leader
John was a mean king and is always trying to squeeze the lords
for more “juice.”
After trying to raise taxes to finance his wars, the lords revolt.
On June 15, 1215, the lords force John to agree to the most
celebrated document in English history: The Magna Carta
The Magna Carta
The magna carta guaranteed certain basic political rights
Its main purpose was to safeguard lords’ feudal rights and
limit the king’s powers
In time it allows English people of all classes to argue that it
applies to every citizen
Guaranteed rights included:
•No taxation without representation
•A jury trial
•The protection of the law
The Model Parliament
In order to hang on to the last remaining lands in France,
King Edward I summons two burgesses from every borough
and two knights from every county to serve on Parliament in
order to raise taxes for the military campaign.
This is called the Model Parliament because it represented a
new model for later kings (commoners and lords)
Eventually the two groups form what is now known as the
House of Commons and the House of Lords
This system under King Edward I eventually weakens the
power of the Lords
Capetian Rule in France
Hugh Capet becomes monarch in 987
Feudal lords are not threatened by his rule
Hugh and his heirs (Capetians) slowly
increase their power. He does this by:
•Making the throne hereditary
•Playing nobles against one another
•Developing a system of tax collection
Capetians rule France from 987 to 1328
Paris becomes pivotal as the center of
power
Phillip II – Powerful Capetian
Most powerful of Hugh’s heirs was Philip II or Philip
Augustus
Main goal: to recover lands lost to England
Philip was a crafty, unprincipled and willing-to- do
anything-necessary-to-accomplish-his-goal leader
He is successful against King John of England earning the
name “Augustus” (Latin for majestic)
Recovering land from England, he triples the land holding
and for the first time becomes the most powerful French
king over his vassals
In addition to the power he establishes a stronger central
government. Creates the post of bailiff, a royal official
that travels throughout the kingdom enforcing the king’s
court and tax collection system
Capetian Heirs
Takes on the control of the Catholic church in France
Demanded that the church priests pay taxes and the
Pope refuses
Seeks to expand the support of his decisions by including
commoners in his court meetings
Expands the Estates-General to include a third estate
•First Estate – The church leaders
•Second Estate – Lords and Nobles
•Third Estate – Commoners that mainly included
artisans, tradesman, merchants. Eventually become
known as the Bourgeoisie. This group centuries later help
overthrow the French Monarch in the French Revolution.
State of Turmoil
In the 14th century there is much turmoil.
This includes:
Religious disputes
Plague
War
This threatens the fragile achievement of England and
France and sets the stage for an ongoing conflict between
these two emerging and powerful nations.
Kings of England
•Decides who can build
castles
•Forces vassals to obey
them
•Establish common law
•Collects records of who
owns land
Kings of France
•Add to their lands
•Set up organized
govt.
•Make throne hereditary
•Collect taxes
•Become allies w/ the church
•Create a royal
treasury
•Organize army
•Set up royal courts
and royal law
•Take French lands from
English Kings