Transcript Medieval Times - SCHOOLinSITES

Medieval Times
Times of Kings, Knights, and
Chivalry.
Feudal System
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Definition: A Medieval European political system
that revolved around the warrior nobility and the
three key concepts of lords, vassals, and fiefs.
Lords: the nobility who owned the land.
Vassals: people who the lords granted land to.
Fief: the land given by the lord to the vassal
Lords
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There are two types of Lords.
The Liege Lord: This is the King or
Emperor.
Lesser Lords: Barons and knights who
the king gives land after they pay
homage to him. They are part of the
vassals.
Vassals
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Includes lesser lords, under tenants, and
peasants.
Under tenants granted land to the
peasants in return for rent and labor
services.
Charlemagne
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He was a Frankish King who expanded the
Frankish Kingdom into an empire that
spanned much of Western and Central
Europe. He ruled from 768 to 814.
He is also responsible for the spread of
feudalism throughout much of Europe.
HA-HA Florida
Michigan 41 Florida 35
Florida goes 9-4
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Bourbon Street Blackout
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UGA 41 – Hawaii 10
If you can’t run with the big DAWGS don’t
get off the porch.
The Power of the Church
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During Medieval times one of the most
powerful organizations in the world was
the Catholic Church.
The Pope in Rome used the clergy to
influence politics in Medieval Europe.
The Church as a Unifying Force
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While feudalism divided the people into
the noble and peasant classes the Church
bonded these people together.
They were a stable force during war and
political turmoil.
It also provided a sense of equality among
because everybody followed the same
path to salvation.
The Church in Villages
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The Church in small villages was not only
the center of religious activity, it was the
center of social gatherings.
Religious holidays such as Christmas and
Easter were also times for great
celebration.
The Church and Politics
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All medieval Christians, kings and
peasants alike were subject to canon law.
Canon law or Church law were laws that
concerned matters like marriage and
religious practices.
If these laws were broken a person was
subject to excommunication and interdict.
Excommunication and Interdict
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Excommunication: one person is banished
from the Church.
Interdict: many sacraments and religious
practices are not allowed to be performed
in the king’s land.
The Pope used these two punishments to
hold kings in check.
Pope Gregory VII vs. Henry IV
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The Church was not always happy with
the kings of Europe.
They particularly did not like the a
ceremony called lay investiture in which
kings appointed church officials.
In 1075 Pope Gregory VII banned lay
investiture. This made the Henry IV
upset.
The Problem Continues
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Henry IV continued to practice lay
investiture and was excommunicated by
Gregory VII.
The bishops and other church officials
sided with the Pope forcing Henry IV to
seek forgiveness.
This was granted in 1077.
The Concordat of Worms
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The fight over lay investiture continued
after Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV had
died.
Eventually a compromise was reached
with the Concordat of Worms.
This said the Pope would appoint the
bishops but the king could veto them.
England Begins
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By 900 England had been battered by
invasions by raids lead by the Vikings.
They had been defended by leaders such
as Alfred the Great, but eventually these
people from Scandinavia had taken control
of England.
These new people were the Angle-Saxon
people.
William the Conqueror
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By 1066 a struggle began over who would
become the next king of England would
be. Harold Godwinson stepped forward
and made his claim.
However, another leader would emerge to
claim the crown. His name was William of
Normandy.
Battle of Hastings
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William and Harold argued over who was
the rightful king.
This led to war. On October 14, 1066
William led his troops against Harold at
the Battle of Hastings in England.
William was victorious and earned the title
of William the Conqueror.
How William Maintained Control
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The first thing William did was remove all
the lords who supported Harold.
He then placed people who supported him
in their place.
William laid the foundation for centralized
government in England.
Doomsday Book
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This refers to a book that William the
Conqueror ordered to be kept that showed
who had paid taxes and who had not.
The people who looked after these affairs
were called exchequers.
Assignments
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These assignments are due on Test Day which
will be next Friday.
First, have your note book completed and ready
to turn in. Second, the two worksheets that will
be handed out at the end of class. Finally, a
Venn Diagram describing the similarities and
differences in Greek Democracy, the Roman
Republic, and Medieval Feudalism. These all
need to be in your notebook.
Sugar Bowl
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Knowshon scores first
touchdown in the
sUGAr Bowl.
sUGAr Bowl
sUGAr Bowl
sUGAr Bowl
Henry II
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Henry II became king in 1154 and ruled
until 1189. He extended the English
territories in France by gaining Aquitaine.
He did this by marrying Eleanor of
Aquitaine.
Common Law
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Henry II also strengthened the English
government by placing judges in every territory
owned by England.
These judges had the power to collect taxes,
settle lawsuits, and punish crimes.
These judges formed what became known as
the English common law. This became the basis
for law in many English-speaking countries.
Magna Carta
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John was also a cruel man who ruled in a
way that made everyone angry at him.
This led to the Magna Carta.
This document, which John reluctantly
signed gave basic political rights to the
citizens of England.
Rights in the Magna Carta
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No taxation without representation.
A jury trial
Protection of the law
This became the basis for the basic legal
rights of both England and the United
States of America.
Parliament in England
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Under Edward I England took another
important step forward into becoming
democratic country.
In 1295 the first parliament, legislative
body, held its first meeting. This
parliament was made up of knights,
burgesses, bishops, and lords. It became
known as the Model Parliament.
France in Medieval Times
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After the breakup of Charlemagne Empire
the French Lords ruled their individual
territories using the Feudal System.
In 987 the last member, Louis the
Sluggard, of the Carolingian Dynasty died.
This laid the path opened for a new
dynasty to begin and to unite France as
one kingdom.
Capetian Dynasty
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Hugh Capet: He was an undistinguished
duke from the middle of France whose
family ruled a small territory, but at its
heart stood Paris.
It was the geography of the Capetian
lands that allowed it to become a dynasty.
Reasons France Unites Under
the Capetians
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The most important reason for the France
uniting was that the Capetian territory sat
in the middle of important trade routes.
Slowly over a period of the Capetians took
control of strategic areas, and this allowed
their power to grow.
Philip II
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One of the most powerful Capetian kings
was Philip Augustus or Philip II.
Philip II first goal was to weaken the
power of English kings in France.
At first he had little success against kings
like Henry II and Richard the Lionheart.
However, when John I became king his
success grew.
Philip II
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By 1204 he had tripled the lands of
France.
His next goal was to strengthen the
central government.
He did this by appointing bailiffs to each
territory to preside over the kings courts
and collect taxes.
Comparison of France and
England
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William the Conqueror
invades England in 1066.
Henry II introduces the
use of juries to the
courts.
John agrees to the Magna
Carta
Edward calls the Model
Parliament.
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Hugh Capet increases the
territories of France.
Philip II establishes
bailiffs to preside over the
courts.
Louis IX creates appeals
court
Philip IV adds Third
Estate to the EstatesGeneral.
The Plague
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One of the most devastating events in
human history occurred during the early
1300’s. This was the Bubonic Plague.
The plague originated in Asia and made its
way to Europe on trade ships.
It was spread by fleas that sucked the
blood of infected rats.
The Effects of the Plague
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25 million people died in Europe and many
millions more died in Asia and North
Africa.
Other effects included town populations
fallen, trade declined prices rose, nobles
resisted peasant demands for higher
wages causing peasant revolts, and Jews
were persecuted and murdered.
Final AP Top 25
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1. LSU (60) 12-2 1,620
2. Georgia (3) 11-2 1,515
3. USC (1) 11-2 1,500
4. Missouri 12-2 1,347
5. Ohio State 11-2 1,346
6. West Virginia 11-2 1,342
7. Kansas (1) 12-1 1,303
8. Oklahoma 11-3 1,139
9. Virginia Tech 11-3 1,096
Hundred Years War
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The Hundred Years War (1337-1453) was
a series of wars fought between England
and France.
Fought mainly over control of lands in
France that both England and France
claimed.
Battles
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There were three significant battles
during the Hundred Years War.
Crecy: most significant battle because of
the introduction of the longbow. England
won.
Poiters: English repeated the success of
Crecy.
Agincourt: another English victory.
End of the War
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From 1421 to 1453 the French fought to
drive the English out of France and
succeeded. By the end the English held
only Calais.
Joan of Arc: one of the leaders of the
French Army that drove the English out.
She was eventually captured and burned
at the stake.
Impact of the War
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A feeling of nationalism emerged in England and
France. Now people saw the king as a national
leader not just a feudal lord.
The power and prestige of the French king
increased.
The English suffered internal turmoil known as
the War of the Roses, in which two noble houses
fought for control.
Guilds and the Commercial
Revolution
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Guilds: an organization of individuals in
the same business or occupation working
to improve economic and social conditions
of its members. The merchant guilds
controlled trade.
Commercial Revolution: this was an
increase in the availability of trade goods
and new ways of doing business.
“
"And here I prophesy: this
brawl today,
Grown to this faction in the
Temple garden,
Shall send, between the Red
Rose and the White,
A thousand souls to death
and deadly night."
— Warwick, Henry VI, Part
One
”