Transcript - Grace Bible Church

6 Providential Foundations to
the Reformation
1. Changes in Philosophy in
Universities
2. Sulliman the Magnificent
3. Corruption in the Catholic Church
4. Printing Press
5. The Fragmented Nature of the Holy
Roman Empire
6. Collapse of the Feudal System
Providence
“God’s orchestrating all circumstances
and events in His universe for His glory
and the good of His people” Jerry Bridges
“Providence is that continuous agency of
God by which He makes all the events of
the physical and moral universe fulfill the
original design with which He created it.”
Augustus Strong
Changes in Philosophy in the
Universities
Platoism
(want to know
what it became)
Shift in Philosophy
in the Universities
Known as the
Renaissance
Changes in Philosophy in the
Universities con’t
Platoism—Truth lies in
Universals or
Classifications
The earth is round
The Church has
authority
Maintained the
established order &
discouraged
questioning
Changes in Philosophy in the
Universities con’t
Nominalism
(want to know what its
made of)
William of Ockham A
Franciscan Monk who
taught at Oxford 12851347
Universals are not
reality but only in the
human mind &
Universals are like
“names” new
Changes in Philosophy in the
Universities con’t
We call it that but in
reality that’s just what
we call it not what it is
Ex. Chair
Every so called
universalism is radically
individual –
“Particularism”
Therefore because of
nominalism the cry of
the Renaissance was
“back to the sources”
Suleiman the Magnificent
1520-1566
The Rise of Islam
proved to be one of
God’s Providential
boosts to Reformation
The Ottoman Turks took
over the lands of the
Seljuk Turks and
conquered the
Byzantine Empire
In 1453 the Ottoman
Empire took
Constantinople after a
siege of several months
Suleiman the Magnificent
1520-1566
This invasion of Palestine
and Greece resulted in
Hebrew and Greek
scholars being
replanted in universities
throughout Spain and
Europe.
Helps to know Hebrew
and Greek when all
around scholars are
saying “back to the
sources”!
Suleiman the Magnificent
1520-1566
Question Suleiman’s
general’s
1st name was
Achmed—what was
his last name?
The Corruption of the Roman
Catholic Church (hence RCC)
Who was the 1st
Pope
Luther--Boniface III
607-608 Usurped
title of Universal
Bishop
The Corruption of the RCC
Calvin--Gregory the
Great 590-606
The Corruption of the RCC
Zwingli--Hildebrand
or Gregory VII
1073-1085
Established
infallibility of the
Pope
The Corruption of the RCC
Anabaptist-Constantine
Wed (welded) the
Church to the State
The Corruption of the RCC
Height of Papal power
culminated in Innocent
III 1198-1216
Became Pope at 37
years old
Ruled political leaders
Businesslike, and an
opportunist determined
to expand RCC’s power
The Corruption of the RCC
Started celibacy to stop
clan rule of church
parishes and provinces
An example of
Gregory’s power
He made King John of
England (signer of the
Magna Carta) submit to
an interdict and
excommunication for
not seating the Pope’s
guy as Archbishop of
Canterbury
The Corruption of the RCC
So Gregory
was the 1st
Pope and
Innocent III
was the
height of
Papal power.
The Corruption of the RCC
Roland H. Bainton in his book “The
Reformation of the 16th Century” sees 3
stages in the rise and fall of Papal
power.
Dissemination 500-1100 AD
Domination 1200-1300
Disintegration 1400-1500
The Corruption of the RCC
During the domination
stage the philosophical
foundation of Catholic
beliefs were produced
by Thomas Aquinas and
his major work Summa
Thelogica
On a massive scale
(smaller in size to the
1539 edition of the
Institutes)
The Corruption of the RCC
The Summa
established the 7
Sacraments – Mary
worship, the Mass,
and purgatory as
major doctrines of
the RCC
The Corruption of the RCC
At Luther’s time the
RCC had some major
problems
Sale of indulgences (an
indulgence is a reprieve
of an amount of time
spent in Purgatory)
Priestly immorality –
Most priests at this time
had a mistress
The Corruption of the RCC
Relics – things like a
thorn from Christ’s
crown, or a nail from the
cross – these were
used to solicit funds and
lop off more time in
Purgatory.
Absenteeism and the
holding of multiple
offices (to raise your
income)
Printing Press
Printing Press
invented by
Johannes
Gutenberg in 1450
Prior to the printing
press all books
(incunabula) were
hand written
Printing Press
Prior to the printing
press possibly ½ million
books in existence
10 years after the
printing press 3 million
+
1550 metal screw (iron)
replaces the wood
screw increasing
longevity of the
equipment
Printing Press
The result is that books
can now be purchased
b the emerging middle
class the 1st Gutenberg
Bible would have cost
$750 in today’s dollars.
Knowledge increases
The Renaissance
flourishes
The Fragmented Nature of
the Holy Roman Empire
The last Roman
Emperor in the West
was Romulus Augustus
who was disposed by
the Goths in 476
The Ostogoths (Easter
Goths) settled above
the Black Sea in the
Ukraine Kiev
Western (Roman)
civilization and law
continued even though
Rome ended politically
The Fragmented Nature of
the Holy Roman Empire
With the rise of
Pope Gregory I
(Gregory the Great)
590-604 Rome
began to be
emancipated from
Byzantium and the
Papal states were
formed
The Fragmented Nature of
the Holy Roman Empire
In 800 Charlemagne
was crowned emperor
of the west. He claimed
to restore legitimate
succession from Rome
But this caused
problems between the
Roman Emperors and
RCC
The Fragmented Nature of
the Holy Roman Empire
Beginning with Otto I in
962 Germany and Italy
were joined together in
what was called the
Holy Roman Empire
ended in 1806 when
Francis II renounced his
title. (age of Napoleon)
It was called Holy
because the Pope
crowned the Emperor
Francis II
The Fragmented Nature of
the Holy Roman Empire
1500 the Diet of Augsburg establishes
Council of Regency to oversee HRE and
divides the HRE into 6 regions (electors)
Collapse of Feudal System
Money instead of barter
Increased travel and
trade fueled the new
emerging middle class
the artisans
Invention of gunpowder
and cannons Bureau
Brothers