Transcript Bell Work
Bell Work Visual Skills: On page 253, study the graphic of the social order of classes under feudalism. Questions: Which level represents the vassals in the feudal order? What does the triangle shape of the graph indicate about the different classes in the feudal system? Review Which of the following words means “political order and social order?” Vassal Feudalism Fief Code What was a fief? Analyzing Images Visual Skills: On page 254, study the cutaway diagram of a castle. Questions: What is the function and purpose of the drawbridge? Where are the bedrooms compared with the servants’ quarters? What does that indicate? Making Inferences Critical Thinking: On page 254, read the third paragraph about the castle. Questions: What is a motte? What was the purpose of building the keep on the motte? What other features were designed to help protect the castle and its residents? Bell Work Read: On page 253, read the Primary Source over the vassal’s oath to his lord. Writing Skills: Rewrite that oath in modern language, so that the oath would be easily understandable to someone hearing it today. Cornell Notes Choose two sections of reading Lords, Vassal, and Knights Nobles and Knights in Medieval Society Two Groups of Peasants The Lives of the Peasants Improvements in Farming Password Feudalism Chivalry Vassal Guild Fief Serf Knight Military Code Flanders Venice Bell Work Using the reading of “The Growth of Towns and Cities” on page 257, complete the following: List two reasons why the population began to grow List the new forms of technology that resulted in more crops The Lord of the Manor For safety and defense, people in the Middle Ages formed small communities around a central lord or master. The Manor Most people lived on a manor, which consisted of the castle (or manor house), the church, the village, and the surrounding farm land. Self-Sufficiency Each manor was largely selfsufficient, growing or producing all of the basic items needed for food, clothing, and shelter. To meet these needs, the manor had buildings devoted to special purposes, such as: The mill for grinding grain The bake house for making bread The blacksmith shop for creating metal goods. MEDIEVAL LIFE Cooperation and Mutual Obligations KING MANORIALISM: ECONOMIC SYSTEM FEUDALISM: POLITICAL SYSTEM Fief and Peasants Decentralized, local government Dependent upon the relationship between members of the nobility Lord and his vassals administered justice and were the highest authority in their land Agriculture the basis for wealth Lands divided up into self-sufficient manors Peasants (serfs) worked the land and paid rent In exchange for protection Barter the usual form of exchange Military Aid Loyalty LORDS (VASSALS TO KING) Food Protection Shelter Military Service Homage KNIGHTS (VASSALS TO LORDS) Food Protection Farm the Land PEASANTS (SERFS) Shelter Pay Rent Farming Improvements: Use of horses instead of oxen. Horses could plow twice as much as an oxen in a day. •The Three Field System emerges. Enables people to use 2/3 of their 600 acres of farmland instead of just 1/2. –Field 1: 200 acres for a winter crop such as wheat or rye. –Field 2: 200 acres for a spring crop such as oats, barley, peas, or beans. –Field 3: 200 acres lay fallow for animals to graze. X Review What made up the lands of a fief? What was a manor? What are three main parts of a medieval manor? Wealthy Trading Centers As Europe’s trade increased, towns grew larger and several cities became wealthy from trade. Examples: Venice, Pisa, Genoa (all Italy) Common characteristic: seaports Common industry: shipbuilding Trading partner: Byzantine Empire Review What did Venice, Pisa, and Genoa all have in common? What industry became successful in these cities? With whom did these cities often trade? Trade Fairs Established in northern France Products were bartered Italy-furs, tin, honey, wool Asia- silks, sugar, spices Example: Flanders (part of Belgium today) became a center of trade fairs Government in Cities Reading Skills: On page 258, read about “Government in Cities” Questions: What were the two main classes in the early Middle Ages? What factors created the new middle class in Europe? Why did members of the new middle class try to break with the nobles who controlled towns under the feudal system? What Did Guilds Do? Four functions that guilds performed in a medieval town: Controlled business and trade Set the price of a product or service Set and enforced standards of quality Decided who could join a trade Lesson Review What impact did the code of chivalry have on knights during the Middle Ages? What explains the development of cities and towns during the Middle Ages? If you were a person in business in medieval Europe, why would membership in a guild be important to you? Bell Work Get out a clean sheet of paper Clear your desk Title your paper “Feudalism and the Rise of Towns Quiz” Number your paper from 1-10 Password We will review before you take the quiz using Password. Terry Jones Medieval Times Video Diary Entry Write a diary entry for a peasant who lived in a medieval manor. You can choose to write as a man or woman, old or young. Write about a typical day in the life of the person they select. Should reflect what you have learned about the lives of peasants and their relationship to the lord of the manor. At least one paragraph (5 sentences)