Transcript Chapter_05_Master

Chapter
5
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Learning Objectives (1 of 2)
1. Differentiate the four basic types of system units.
2. Describe system boards, including sockets, slots, and bus lines.
3. Recognize different microprocessors, including microprocessor chips and specialty
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4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
processors.
Compare different types of computer memory including RAM, ROM, and flash
memory.
Explain expansion slots and cards.
Describe bus lines, bus widths, and expansion buses.
Describe ports, including standard and specialized ports.
Identify power supplies for desktop, laptop, tablet, and mobile devices.
Explain how a computer can represent numbers and encode characters electronically.
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Introduction
• Speed, capacity, and flexibility determine the power of personal computers.
• Knowledge of a computer’s power allows you to make good buying decisions and to
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determine if your current system will run new applications.
• Competent end users need to understand the basic principles of how personal
computers are put together.
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System Unit Types
• Desktops
• Tower Unit
• Laptops
• Ultrabooks
• Tablets
• Mini Tablet
• Mobile Devices
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• Smartphone
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Components
• Although all
devices come in
many shapes and
sizes:
• They have many
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similarities.
• System boards
• Microprocessors
• Memory
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Making IT Work for You ~ Keeping Your Computer Cool
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• Computer components generate a significant amount of heat
• Can damage your system
• Notebooks present a special challenge
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System Board
• Main board or motherboard
• Controls communications
• Components and devices connect to the
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system board
• Data path
• Traffic monitor
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System Board Components
• Sockets
• Connection
point for
chips
• Chips
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• Tiny circuit boards etched onto squares of silicon
• Silicon chip, semiconductor, or integrated circuit
• Mounted on chip carriers
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System Board Components (Cont.)
• Slots
• Provide a connection point for specialized cards or circuit boards
• Bus lines
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• Provide pathways that support communication among electronic components
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Microprocessor
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• Contained on a single chip
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• Microprocessor
• Brains of the computer
• Two Basic Components
• Control unit
• Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU)
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Microprocessor Chips (Cont.)
• Chip capacities expressed in word size
• Word
• The number of bits that can be processed at one time
• 16, 32 or 64
• Clock Speed
• Processing speed
• The number of times the CPU fetches and
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processes data or instructions in a second
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Microprocessor Chips (Page 2 of 2)
• Multi-Core Chip
• Separate and independent CPUs
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• Quad-core
• Parallel Processing
• Windows 8 and Mac OS X
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Specialty Processors
• Coprocessors
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• Designed to improve specific computing operations
• Graphics coprocessors / Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
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Memory
• Holding area for data, instructions, and
information
• Chips connected to the system board
• Three well-known types of memory chips:
• RAM
• Random Access Memory
• ROM
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• Read Only Memory
• Flash Memory
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RAM
• Random Access Memory (RAM) chips hold programs and data that are currently
being accessed
• Volatile
• Cache memory
• Additional RAM can be added using an expansion module called a DIMM
• Virtual Memory
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• Space used to decide between memory and storage
Return
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ROM
• Read-only memory (ROM)
• Information stored by the manufacturer
• Non-volatile and cannot be changed
• CPU can read, or retrieve data and programs in ROM but the computer cannot
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change ROM
• Contain special instructions
• Start the computer
• Access memory
• Handle keyboard input
Return
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Flash
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•
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Flash memory combines of the features of:
RAM, it can be updated
ROM, it is non-volatile
Contains startup information
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• BIOS (basic input/output system)
• Amount of RAM
• Type of keyboard, mouse, and secondary storage devices connected
Return
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Expansion Slots and Cards
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Expands your system
Memory Cards
• Graphics cards
• Sound cards
• Network interface cards (NIC)
• Wireless network cards
• Plug and Play
• PC Slots
• PCMCIA Slots
• Express Card Slots
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Bus Lines
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Also known as a bus
Connect parts of the CPU to each other
Pathway for bits
Bus width
• Number of bits that
can travel simultaneously
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• Two basic categories
• System buses
• Expansion buses
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Expansion Buses
Principle types:
• Universal Serial Bus (USB)
• Connects external USB devices onto the USB bus
• FireWire
• Audio and video equipment
• PCI Express (PCIe)
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• Single dedicated path for each connected device
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Ports
• Socket for connecting external devices
• Ports connect directly
• To the system board
• To cards inserted into slots on the system board
• Two Types
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• Standard Ports
• Specialized Ports
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Standard Ports
• VGA and DVI
• Analog and digital monitors
• USB
• Keyboards, mice, printers,
storage devices
• FireWire
• High speed
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• Ethernet
• High speed networking
Return
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Specialized Ports
• External Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (eSATA)
• Very-high-speed hard drive connection
• High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI)
• High definition video and audio
• Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI)
• Connect musical instruments
• Mini DisplayPort (MiniDP or mDP)
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• Connection to large monitors
• Thunderbolt
• Provides high-speed connections.
Return
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Cables
• Used to connect external devices to the system unit via the ports
• One end of the cable is attached to the device and the other end has a connector
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that is attached to a matching connector on the port
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Making IT Work for You ~ TV Tuners
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• Using Windows Media System as a DVR
• Install TV Tuner
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Power Supply
• Computers require direct current (DC)
• DC power provided by converting alternating current (AC) from wall outlets or
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batteries
• Desktop computers use power supply units
• Laptops and mobile devices use AC adapters
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Electronic Data and Instructions
• Digital electronic signals
• Recognized by computers
• Analog signals
• Continuous signal
• Created by voices
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• Conversion must take place from analog to digital before
processing can occur
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Numeric Representation
• Two-state binary system only two digits called bits
• On = 1; negative charge
• Off = 0; no charge
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• Byte = 8 bits grouped together
• Hexadecimal system
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Character Encoding
• Character encoding standards
• ASCII
• American Standard Code for Information Interchange
• Personal computers
• EBCDIC
• Extended Binary coded Decimal Interchange Code
• Mainframe
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• Unicode
• Uses 16 bits
• Recognized by virtually all computer systems
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Careers In IT
• Computer technicians repair and install computer
components and systems
• Employers look for:
• Certification
• Communication skills
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• Continued education
is required
• Computer technicians can
expect to earn an annual
salary of $31K to $46K
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A Look to the Future
Wearable computers
Send and receive email while jogging
Maintain your personal schedule book
Remember the names of people at a party
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Open-Ended Questions (Page 1 of 3)
1. Describe the four most common types of personal computers.
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2. Describe system boards including sockets, chips, chip carriers, slots, and bus lines.
3. Discuss microprocessor components, chips, and specialty processors.
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Open-Ended Questions (Page 2 of 3)
4. Define computer memory including RAM, ROM, and flash memory.
5. Define expansion slots, cards, Plug and Play, PC cards, PCMCIA slots, and Express-
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Card slots.
6. Describe bus lines including bus width, system bus, and expansion bus.
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Open-Ended Questions (Page 3 of 3)
7. Define ports including standard and specialized ports. Give examples of each.
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8. Describe power supply including power supply units and AC adapters.
9. Discuss electronic data and instructions.
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