Transcript presentation source

3/29: Processors
• Roll Call
• Lecture: CPU’s
• Other (?)
CPU: General
• The Microprocessor or
CPU (Central
Processing Unit) is the
“brains” of the
computer.
• All other components
(RAM, monitor, disk
drive) act like bridges
to link you & the
processor.
CPU: the Helpers
• Coprocessors are also
in PC’s.
• They handle functions
like graphics, 3-D
acceleration, and
sound cards.
• This helps take away
some of the load off
the main processor.
Pentium Parts
8K Code Cache
BIU
Bus
Interface
Unit
Branch
Predictor
Unit
Instruction
Prefetch Buffer
& Decode Unit
ALU ALU
Registers
To RAM
8K Data Cache
Floating
Point
Unit
Pentium Parts
Branch
Predictor
The BIU sorts
Unitthrough
Instructionthe data and code that is
Prefetch Buffer
sent from RAM. The
& Decode Unit
8K Code Cache
BIU
Bus
Interface
Unit
To RAM
code is sent one way, and
the data is sent the other
ALU ALU
way. After
the processing,
Floating
Pointsend the
the BIU will
RegistersprocessedUnit
data back to
RAM.
8K Data Cache
Pentium Parts
8K Code Cache
BIU
Bus
Interface
Unit
Branch
Predictor
Unit
Instruction
Prefetch Buffer
& The
Decode
Unit one for data and one
caches,
for code, are the “ready rooms”
for the ALU’s.
ALU ALU
Registers
To RAM
8K Data Cache
Floating
Point
Unit
Pentium Parts
8K Code Cache
The Branch Predictor
Instruction
Unit decides which ALU
Prefetch Buffer
& Decode Unit
will be quicker
BIUat
processing the
next
Bus
instruction.Interface
Unit
ALU ALU
Registers
To RAM
8K Data Cache
Branch
Predictor
Unit
Floating
Point
Unit
Pentium Parts
The Instruction
Prefetch Buffer
retrieves the BPUspecified code from
the cache. The
BIU
Decode Unit Bus
converts theInterface
code
Unit
into ALU-usable
instructions.
8K Code Cache
Branch
Predictor
Unit
Instruction
Prefetch Buffer
& Decode Unit
ALU ALU
Registers
To RAM
8K Data Cache
Floating
Point
Unit
Pentium Parts
The Floating Point Unit8K Code Cache
processes the numbers
after the decimal point, Instruction
Prefetch Buffer
as well as other
& Decode Unit
BIU
specified commands.
Bus
Interface
Unit
ALU ALU
Registers
To RAM
8K Data Cache
Branch
Predictor
Unit
Floating
Point
Unit
Pentium Parts
The Arithmetic Logic
Units process the
data using specially
wired circuits and
transistors. Their
output is sent toBIU
the
registers, a kindBus
of
Interface
“electronic scratch
Unit
pad.”
8K Code Cache
Branch
Predictor
Unit
Instruction
Prefetch Buffer
& Decode Unit
ALU ALU
Registers
To RAM
8K Data Cache
Floating
Point
Unit
Pentium Parts
BIU
Bus
Interface
Unit
Branch
The Data Cache
transfers
8K Code Cache
Predictor
the processed information
Unit
from the registers back to
Instruction
Prefetch Buffer
the BIU, which sends it to
& Decode Unit
the RAM.
ALU ALU
Registers
To RAM
8K Data Cache
Floating
Point
Unit
Pentium Parts
8K Code Cache
BIU
Bus
Interface
Unit
Branch
Predictor
Unit
Instruction
Prefetch Buffer
& Decode Unit
ALU ALU
Registers
To RAM
8K Data Cache
Floating
Point
Unit
3/31: Types of Pentium Processors
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Pentium
Pentium Pro
Pentium MMX
Pentium Celeron
Pentium II
Pentium III