Transcript Sequence of ECE3724

Microprocessors I
• Why study Microprocessors?
– Why not use PLD/FPGA designs for all digital
designs
• What are microprocessors?
• How do they work?
• How do they interface to external (or
internal) peripherals?
• What are the internal components?
• Why study the 8086?
Microprocessors I
• Why study Microprocessors?
– Why not use PLD/FPGA designs for all digital
designs
• What are microprocessors?
• How do they work?
• How do they interface to external (or
internal) peripherals?
• What are the internal components?
• Why study the 8086?
Microprocessors versus ASICs
• COST AND TIME!!!
– Microprocessor based designs can be much
less expensive UNLESS
• Many parts are being manufactured (>100,000)
• Time is not crucial (design, manufacture and test
time for ASICs is much greater than for micros)
Microprocessors I
• Why study Microprocessors?
– Why not use PLD/FPGA designs for all digital
designs
• What are microprocessors?
• How do they work?
• How do they interface to external (or
internal) peripherals?
• What are the internal components?
• Why study the 8086?
The Original Von Neumann
Machine
Microprocessors I
• Why study Microprocessors?
– Why not use PLD/FPGA designs for all digital
designs
• What are microprocessors?
• How do they work?
• How do they interface to external (or
internal) peripherals?
• What are the internal components?
• Why study the 8086?
Block Diagram for a Simple Computer
Microprocessors I
• Why study Microprocessors?
– Why not use PLD/FPGA designs for all digital
designs
• What are microprocessors?
• How do they work?
• How do they interface to external (or
internal) peripherals?
• What are the internal components?
• Why study the 8086?
Internal Block Diagram of a
CPU
Microprocessors I
• Why study Microprocessors?
– Why not use PLD/FPGA designs for all digital
designs
• What are microprocessors?
• How do they work?
• How do they interface to external (or
internal) peripherals?
• What are the internal components?
• Why study the 8086?
The Intel CPU Family
Chip
Date
MHz
4004
4/1971
0.108
8008
4/1972
0.108
8080
4/1974
2-3
8085
4/1976
3-8
8086
6/1978
5-10
8088
6/1979
5-8
80286
2/1982
8-12
80386
10/1985
16-33
80486
4/1989 25-100
Pentium
3/1993 60-233
Pentium Pro 3/1995 150-200
Pentium II
5/1997 233-400
Pentium III
1998
550
Transistors Memory
2,300
3,500
6,000
6,500
29,000
29,000
134,000
275,000
1.2M
3.1M
5.5M
7.5M
9.5M
Notes
640 First microprocessor on a chip
16KB First 8-bit processor
64KB First general-purpose CPU on a chip
64KB
1MB First 16-bit CPU on a chip
1MB Used in IBM PC
16MB Memory protection present
4GB First 32-bit CPU
4GB Built-in 8K cache memory
4GB Two pipelines; later models had MMX
4GB Two levels of cache built in
4GB Pentium Pro plus MMX
Streaming SIMD extensions (SSE)
Sequence of ECE3724
INTRODUCTION
Programming Model of 8086
Assembly Language Programming
Hardware Components of a Microprocessor
Peripheral Interfacing
Books for the Course
• K. Irvine, Assembly Language for IntelBased Computers, Fourth Edition,
Prentice Hall, 2003.
• J. Uffenbeck, The 80x86 Family – Design,
Programming, and Interfacing, Third
Edition, Prentice Hall, 2002.
How will you this material?
• Pick up a microprocessor book!!!
• Know where to look for more information!!!
– For the 80x86 family
• www.tomshardware.com
• www.howstuffworks.com
• Know that all microprocessors are in some
ways similar –
• Typically used for controlling peripherals