Transcript Chapter 6 - Metals Nonmetals Metalloids

Chapter 6
Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids
Metals and Nonmetals
1
2
3
H
He
1
2
Li
Be
B
C
3
4
5
Na Mg
11
4
K
19
5
7
Ca Sc
O
F
Ne
6
7
8
9
10
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
13
14
15
16
17
18
Ti
V
Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br
Kr
23
24
35
36
I
Xe
53
54
20
21
22
Rb Sr
Y
Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd
In
39
40
41
42
49
Hf
Ta
W
72
73
74
37
6
12
N
38
Cs Ba
55
56
Fr
Ra
87
88
*
W
Nonmetals
25
26
27
28
29
30
METALS
43
44
Re Os
75
76
47
45
46
Ir
Pt Au Hg
Tl
77
78
81
79
48
31
80
32
33
34
Sn Sb Te
50
51
Pb Bi
82
83
52
Po At Rn
84
85
86
Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt
104
105
106
107
108
Metalloids
109
La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
57
58
59
Ac Th Pa
89
90
91
60
U
92
61
62
63
64
65
66
Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf
93
94
95
96
97
98
67
68
69
70
71
Es Fm Md No Lr
99
100
101
102
103
METALS
NONMETALS
shiny
dull
conductors
insulators
malleable and ductile
brittle
solids
brittle solids & gases
few outer electrons (1-3
generally)
tend to lose electrons
more outer electrons (6-8
generally)
tend to gain electrons
Physical Properties of Metals
Physical Properties of Metals
• Metals are usually shiny. They have luster.
Nonmetals are dull.
Carbon
Physical Properties of Metals
• Metals conduct electricity and heat.
Nonmetals are Insulators
Physical Properties of Metals
• Metals are malleable (they can be pounded
into thin sheets) and metals are ductile (they
can be drawn into wires).
Nonmetals are Brittle
Physical Properties of Metals
• Metals have relatively high melting points and
so they tend to be solids. Nonmetals have low
boiling points and tend to be gases (a few are
brittle solids).
Physical Properties of Metals
• Metals are usually shiny. They have luster.
• Metals conduct electricity and heat.
• Metals are ductile (they can be drawn into wires) and
metals are malleable (they can be pounded into thin
sheets)
• Metals have relatively high melting points and boiling
points and are solids at room temperature.
• These properties can be explained by
understanding the metallic bond.
The Metallic Bond
• Metallic bonds have delocalized electrons that
are free to move throughout the entire metal.
• Metallic bonding will be covered in more detail
later this year.
Number of Outer Level Electrons
• Metals have fewer
outer level electrons
(1 – 3 generally).
• Nonmetals have more
outer level electrons
(6 – 8 generally).
S
[Ne]3s1
a
[Ne]3s23p4
Gain or Lose Electrons?
• Metals tend to lose
electrons when they
react.
• Nonmetals tend to
gain electrons when
they react.
S
[Ne]3s1
a
[Ne]3s23p4
The number of valence electrons can help determine how
many electrons are lost by a metal or gained by a nonmetal.
Metalloids
• Metalloids have some properties of metals and
some properties of nonmetals.
• An example is the fact that metalloids are used
to make semiconductors.
• Semiconductors can act as a conductor or an
insulator depending on the conditions.
Semiconductors
 Semiconductors are
essential in modern
electrical devices
such as computers,
cell phones, digital
audio players, etc..
 Silicon is used to
create most
semiconductors.
Silicon Transistors ≈ 7:10
Homework
 Worksheet: Stability and Electron
Configuration (Due Monday)
 Worksheet: Metals and Nonmetals. (Due
Tuesday)
 Study Guide Chapter 6 (Due Tuesday)