Transcript A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, 5e

A+ Guide to Managing
and Maintaining Your PC
Fifth Edition
Chapter 5
The Motherboard
Motherboards
ATX
AT
P1 power connector
P8 and P9 power
connectors
Software switch
Mechanical switch
CPU and Memory sit
beside expansion slots
CPU and Memory sit in
front of expansion slots
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Typical AT Motherboard
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Typical ATX Motherboard
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CPU Parameters
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Clock speed
Bus speed (system bus, frontside bus)
Cache (L1, L2)
Instruction set
Word size
Path size
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CPU Cache
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Why?
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Long latency for accessing memory
Levels of caches
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Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Farther
From
CPU
Slower
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Larger
Cheaper
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Intel Processors
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64-bit processors – Itanium2 (server &
workstation)
32-bit processors
High-end
Xeon
P4, P3, P2
L1 Cache
L2 Cache
Low-end
Celeron
Smaller/Slower
Smaller
L3 Cache
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AMD Processors
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64-bit processors – Operon (server &
workstation), Athlon64 FX and Athlon 64
(desktop)
32-bit processors
Sempron(Duron) Athlon/Athlon XP
Celeron
P3/P4
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Athlon MP
Xeon
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Moore’s Law
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The number of transistors per square inch on
integrated circuits (processor speed) has
doubled approximately every 18 months
(Gordon Moore, co-founder of Intel)
Current problem
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It is more and more difficult to increase the
processor power with the current semiconductor
techniques
Current technology trend
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Multiple dies (multiple CPUs)
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CPU Heat Sinks and Cooling
Fans
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Connecting a CPU to the
Motherboard
Intel
Socket 7
AMD
Pentium Socket 7,
K6
Super 7
Slot 1
P2,
Slot A
P3 (500)
Socket 370
Celeron, Socket A
P3
Socket 423, Socket
P4
478……
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Athlon,
Duron
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Socket 7
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Slot 1
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Socket 370 on Slot 1
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Socket 478
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CPU Voltage Requirements
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Chip Set
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Northbridge & Southbridge
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I/O Buses
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AGP bus
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PCI bus
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USB bus
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FireWire (IEEE 1384) bus
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(ISA/EISA/VESA bus)
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Configuring and Updating ROM
BIOS
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Update BIOS only if you’re having a problem
with your motherboard or there’s a new feature
you want to use
Flash ROM BIOS upgrades for most BIOS
manufacturers can be downloaded from
www.unicore.com
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Protecting Documentation and
Configuration Settings
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Keep up-to-date written records of CMOS
settings, hardware and software installed, and
network settings
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Can also save and restore CMOS settings
using third-party utility software
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Troubleshooting the
Motherboard and CPU
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Look for clues from POST
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Reports errors as beep codes
Cautiously substitute good hardware
components for those you suspect are bad
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POST Beep Codes
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pp. 237 Project 5-10
Lab assignment: Lab 5.3 (due Sept. 22 4:00
p.m.)
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