Transcript Chapter 14

A+ Guide to Managing
and Maintaining Your PC
Fifth Edition
Chapter 14
Managing and Troubleshooting
Windows 2000
You Will Learn…

About the Windows NT/2000/XP boot process

How to troubleshoot the Windows 2000 boot
process

How to use maintenance and troubleshooting
tools to support Windows 2000
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Understanding the Windows NT/
2000/XP Boot Process
1. BIOS executes POST
2. BIO executes the MBR program
3. MBR program executes OS boot program
4. Boot program executes Ntldr
5. Ntldr changes processor mode and loads a
file system
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Understanding the Windows NT/
2000/XP Boot Process (continued)
6. Ntldr reads and loads the boot loader menu
7. Ntldr uses Ntdetect.com
8. Ntldr loads the OS and device drivers
9. Ntldr passes control to Ntoskrnl.exe
10. An operating system other than
Windows NT/2000/XP is chosen
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The Windows NT/2000/XP Boot
Process
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The Windows NT/2000/XP Boot
Process (continued)
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Files Needed to Boot
Windows NT/2000/XP
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Customizing the Windows NT/
2000/XP Boot Process

Use boot.ini file, which has two main sections

[boot loader]

[operating system]
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Changing Boot.ini Settings
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Changing Boot.ini Settings
(continued)
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Troubleshooting the Windows
2000 Boot Process

Try the simple things first

Determine at what point in the process the
system fails

Use troubleshooting tools

Advanced Options menu

Recovery Console

Emergency repair disk
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Advanced Options Menu
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Recovery Console

Use it when OS does not start properly or
hangs during the load

Allows repair of damaged registry, system
files, or file system on the hard drive

A command-driven OS that does not use a
GUI;

Allows access to FAT16, FAT32, and NTFS file
systems
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Using Recovery Console
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Using Recovery Console
(continued)
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Commands Available from
Recovery Console
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Commands Available from
Recovery Console (continued)
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Commands Available from
Recovery Console (continued)
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Using the Recovery Console to
Restore the Registry
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Using the Recovery Console to
Restore the Registry (continued)
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Emergency Repair Process:
The Last Resort

Restores system to state it was in immediately
after the Windows 2000 installation

All changes since installation are lost

Uses an Emergency Repair Disk (ERD)

Contains information about current installation, but
not a copy of the registry

Points to a folder on the hard drive where the
registry was backed up at installation
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Emergency Repair Process
(continued)

Use the Backup window to back up the
registry and create an emergency repair disk

Create an ERD and back up the registry to the
hard drive
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Tools for Maintenance and
Troubleshooting

Backup tool

Windows 2000 support tools (eg, Dependency
Walker)

Windows File Protection (WFP)

Computer Management window

Disk Management tool

Microsoft Management Console (MMC)
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Tools for Maintenance and
Troubleshooting (continued)

Event Viewer

Task Manager

System Monitor

Dr. Watson and memory dumps

Windows Update
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Windows Support Tools
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Windows File Protection

Protects system files (.sys, .dll, .ttf, .ocs, or
.exe) from modification

Two tools

Background process that notifies WFP when a
protected file is modified

SFC (System File Checker)
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Using SFC
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Computer Management Window

Consolidates several administrative tools used
to:






Monitor problems with hardware, software,
security
Share folders
View device configurations
Add new device drivers
Start and stop services
Manage server applications
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Disk Management Tool

Found in Computer Management console

Used to create partitions on basic disks or
volumes on dynamic disks and to convert a
basic disk to a dynamic disk

Graphical, user-friendly

Replaces Fdisk in older Windows OSs
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Using Disk Management
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Microsoft Management Console

Console


Combination of several administrative tools into a
single window (eg, Computer Management,
Recovery Console)
Snap-ins

Individual tools within the console (eg, Event
Viewer, System Information)
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Available Snap-ins for MMC
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Available Snap-ins for MMC
(continued)
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Creating a Customized Console
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Event Viewer

Logs




Application log
Security log
System log
Types of events recorded in system and
application logs



Information events
Warning events
Error events
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Event Viewer (continued)
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Ways to Filter Events

Use log properties

Set a size limit and specify what is to happen
when log reaches its limit
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Filtering Events with Log
Properties
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Performance Monitoring and
Optimization
1. Analyze data provided by monitoring tools
such as Task Manager and System Monitor
2. Determine areas in which performance is
below baseline
3. Identify and take steps to correct the problem
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Principles for Optimizing
Performance





Establish a baseline
If you add RAM, increase size of paging file
Consider upgrading more than one component
Applications are assigned priority level, which
determines position in queue for CPU
resources
In general, upgrading an existing PC is
recommended
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Task Manager

Allows you to view:



Applications and processes running on the
computer
Performance information for processor and
memory
Ways to access



Ctrl+Alt+Delete
Right-click blank area on taskbar; select Task
Manager on shortcut menu
Ctrl+Shift+Esc
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Task Manager Tabs

Applications


Processes


Running or Not Responding
Lists system services and other processes
associated with applications, with how much CPU
time and memory the process uses
Performance




Totals
Physical Memory
Commit Charge
Kernel Memory
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Performance Tab in Task
Manager
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System Monitor

Provides more system performance detail than
Task Manager

Components

Objects (hardware or software system components;
eg, Memory, Paging File, Processor, Physical
Disk)

Instances (multiples of objects)

Counters (show information on specific
characteristics of an object)
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Using System Monitor
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Using System Monitor (continued)
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Dr. Watson and Memory Dumps

Dr. Watson


Debugs errors in applications by recording error
events to a log file (Drwtsn32.log) when illegal
operations occur
Memory dump

Saves contents of memory at the time an error
halted the system to a dump file
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Windows Update

Uses Microsoft Web site to download patches,
fixes, and updates to Microsoft OSs and
applications

Uses ActiveX to scan the system, find device
drivers and system files, and compare these
files to those on the Windows Update server;

Offers option of selecting files for download
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Summary

Details of Windows NT/2000/XP boot process

How to troubleshoot Windows 2000 boot
process

Supporting and troubleshooting Windows 2000
after it boots, including problems you might
have with system errors and performance
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