Transcript Microprocessor - Erasmus DWSPIT Polkowice

University of Pitesti
Dolnośląska Wyższa Szkoła Przedsiębiorczości i Techniki
w Polkowicach
Microprocessors
Ion Paul Mihai
Dr inż. ZDZISŁAW PÓLKOWSKI
Polkowice, 2015
TOPICS MENU
Microprocessor
Intel 1st 4004 Microprocessor
Intel 1st 4004 Microprocessor short History
Parts of Microprocessor
Memory
What is Bus?
Address bus
Data bus
Control bus
System Bus
8085 Microprocessor
8085 Kit
Pin Diagram of 8085
The features of INTEL 8085
Block Diagram of 8085
Family of Microprocessor
Conclusion
Microprocessor
A Microprocessoris a multipurpose programmable logical device that
• Read binary instructios from a storage device called memory.
• Accept binary data as input
• Process data according to instructions
• Provide result as output
http://svmcs.weebly.com/uploads/3/7/3/7/37376075/mpu_notes_original.pdf
Intel 1st 4004 Microprocessor
http://www.extremetech.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/intel-4004-gold-pins-640x353.jpg
Intel 1st 4004 Microprocessor short History
In November, 1971, a company called Intel publicly introduced the world's
first single chip microprocessor, the Intel 4004 invented by Intel engineers
Federico Faggin, Ted Hoff, and Stanley Mazor. After the invention of
integrated circuits revolutionized computer design, the only place to go
was down -- in size that is. The Intel 4004 chip took the integrated circuit
down one step further by placing all the parts that made a computer think
(i.e central processing unit, memory, input and output controls) on one
small chip.
Programming intelligence into inanimate objects had now become
possible.
http://inventors.about.com/od/mstartinventions/a/microprocessor.htm
Parts of Microprocessor
Microprocessor is divided into the three parts:
•Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
•Register
•Control Unit.
https://www.byclb.com/TR/Tutorials/microprocessors/ch1_1_dosyalar/image001.gif
Memory
Memory is one of the most important factor in the microprocessor.
It is used to store the data or information in a binary format.
Microprocessor memory
Cache memory is a type of memory used to hold frequently used data.
Cache memory is relatively small but very fast. Most web browsers use a
cache to load regularly viewed web pages fast. The most important type of
cache memory is the CPU cache.Computer engineers are always looking
for ways to make a computer run faster. A multi-core chip, more memory,
and a faster video card can all be used to improve the performance of a
computer. One very effective method to improve speed is the use of cache
memory, pronounced 'cash.' Cache is a type of memory that is relatively
small but can be accessed very quickly. It essentially stores information
that is likely to be used again.For example, web browsers typically use a
cache to make webpages load faster by storing a copy of the webpage
files locally, such as on your local computer. This is referred to as a web
cache
http://study.com/academy/lesson/cache-memory-definition-lesson-quiz.html
What is Bus?
 A bus in computer terms, is simply a channel over which information
flows between two or more devices.
 There are three types of bus:
1. Address bus
2. Data bus
3. Control bus
http://homework.uoregon.edu/pub/class/155/io1.gif
Address Bus
A collection of wires connecting the CPU with main memory that is used to
identify particular locations (addresses) in main memory. The width of the
address bus (that is, the number of wires) determines how many unique
memory locations can be addressed. Modern PCs and Macintoshes have
as many as 36 address lines, which enables them theoretically to access
64 GB (gigabytes)of main memory. However, the actually amount of
memory that can be accessed is usually much less than this theoretical
limit due to chipset and motherboard limitations.
http://common.ziffdavisinternet.com/encyclopedia_images/ADDRSBUS.GIF
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/address_bus.html
Data Bus
A bus that operates only within the internal circuitry of the CPU,
communicating among the internal caches of memory that are part of the
CPU chips design. This bus is typically rather quick and is independent of
the rest of the computers operations.
Contrast with external data bus. The bit width of internal and external data
buses are not always equal.
http://www.phatcode.net/res/260/files/html/images/SystemOrganization8.gif
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/I/internal_data_bus.html
Control bus
The physical connections that carry control information between the CPU
and other devices within the computer. Whereas the data bus carries
actual data that is being processed, the control bus carries signals that
report the status of various devices. For example, one line of the bus is
used to indicate whether the CPU is currently reading from or writing to
main memory.
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/control_bus.html
http://qph.is.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-1941e6933a15550a8d2bc5e18723afcd?convert_to_webp=true
System Bus
• The bus that connects the CPU to main memory on the motherboard.
I/O buses, which connect the CPU with the systems other components,
branch off of the system bus.
• The system bus is also called the frontside bus, memory bus, local bus,
or host bus.
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/system_bus.html
8085 Microprocessor
 The Intel 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor introduced by Intel in 1977.
 Intel 8085 is an 8-bit, NMOS microprocessor. It is a 40 pin C package
fabricated on a single LSI chip. The Intel 8085A uses a single +5V D.C
supply for its operation. Its clock speed is about 3 MHz. The clock cycle
is of 320 ns. The time for the back cycle of the Intel 8085 A-2 is 200 ns.
It has 80 basic instructions and 246 opcodes.
Microprocessor
8085
http://www.daenotes.com/electronics/digital-electronics/Intel-8085-8-bit-microprocessor#axzz3btxbu5lV
8085 Kit
http://www.vinyticsppl.com/labimages/VMC-ICE8085.jpg
Pin Diagram of 8085
 It is a single chip with 40 pins.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5HF3Ws2l_HA/T_sLTteExnI/AAAAAAAAAJc/L04cwH6QuJY/s1600/pin+diag.png
The features of INTEL 8085
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It is an 8 bit processor.
It has multiplexed address and data bus. (AD 0 -AD 7 ).
It works on 5 Volt dc power supply.
It provides 72 instructions with 5 different addressing modes.
8085 microprocessor is a single chip, NMOS device implemented with
6200 transistors.
8085 microprocessor provides on chip clock generator, therefore there
is no need of external clock generator, but it requires external tuned
circuit like LC, RC or crystal.
The maximum clock frequency of 8085 microprocessor is 3MHz
where as minimum clock frequency is 500 KHz.
8085 provides 74 instructions with the following addressing modes:
register, direct, immediate,indirect, implied.
The data bus is multiplexed with the address bus, hence it requires
external hardware to separate data lines from address lines (this is one
of the disadvantage of 8085).
http://www.slideshare.net/sweetjims/8085-paperpresentation
http://www.myclassbook.org/features-of-intel-8085-microprocessor/
Block Diagram of 8085
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_AKu7oTnPcy8/TAC4Re9GNWI/AAAAAAAAAB4/XACO0DQmmYA/s1600/664pxIntel_8085_archsvg.png
Family of Microprocessor
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
4004
8080
8085
8086
8088
80186
80188
80286
80386
80486
(4 bit)
(8 bit)
(8 bit)
(16 bit)
(16 bit)
(16 bit)
(16 bit)
(16 bit)
(32 bit)
(32 bit)
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Pentium pro
Pentium II (32 bit)
Pentium III(32 bit)
Pentium IV
Intel core (64 bit)
Dual core (64 bit)
Core 2 duo
Core i3
Core i5
Core i7
(32bit)
(32bit)
(64 bit)
(64 bit)
(64 bit)
(64 bit)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessors
Conclusion
The microprocessor has become a formidable force in computing. From a
humble beginning as a concept of reducing the price of a calculator to high
powered, uniprocessor and multiprocessor machines in only two and a half
decades is astounding pace. Like most classic inventions, its early years
belong firmly to the start-ups and pre-pubescent companies. These didn't
have the baggage of the established companies and grew quickly.
However, the mid 1980s saw a changeover, mainly due to the spiralling
cost of research into process technologies and the greater man-hours
needed to implement hundreds of thousand transistors design. This was
headed by Motorola, Intel, IBM and DEC. It is now acknowledged that the
RISC concept is the superior architectural concept and all the
forementioned companies have leading designs using RISC.The
microprocessor was originally designed for a calculator, yet in recent years
it has found its way into a multitude of designs.
http://www.computermuseum.li/Testpage/MicroprocessorHistory.htm