Transcript Intel-AMD-&-Cyrix-chips-by-Jeremy-Bruker-Matt-Carey

Micro Computer Processor Chips: A
Focus On Intel, AMD, and Cyrix
Spring 2002
Section: 2
Jeremy Bruker
Matt Carey
Jeffery Hensley
Roots of The Modern Industry
• Intel Corporation created (1968)
– Bob Noyce and Gordon Moore
– “Integrated Electronics”
– first microprocessor released to the public in
November 1971
– Genius of development and design
– 3101 (SRAM)
Roots of The Modern Industry (cont)
• AMD
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eight people, including Jerry Sanders 1969
Working out of their Living Room
“Parametric superiority”– the motto
guarantee of quality on electronics that the
company certified and tested
The First Microprocessor
– Busicom asked Intel to create 12 custom chips
– Intel answered this with one general purpose
chip
– Ted Hoff and Stan Mazor creators of the chip it
was 1/8 inch long and 1/6 inch wide, had 2,300
metal oxide semiconductors
– Equivalent to the ENIAC supercomputers
– Foundation of modern Chips the Intel 4004
Intel 4004
• 4-Bit
• Containing command registers, a
decoder, decoding control,
control monitoring of machine
commands, and interim registers.
• Pioneer spacecraft used the 4004
and started the use of processors
in broader areas
Generations: First Generation
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Intel 8086
16-bit bus
5 MHz – 10 MHZ
29,000 transistors
broke the RAM into 64KB
sections
Generations: Second Generation
• 1982, Intel 80286 known as
286
• first Intel processors that
was backwards compatible
• 6 - 20MHz
• Wider Address Lines
allowed for 16MB of
memory
Generations: Third Generation
• 386 family, 1985
• 80386DX was the first true
32-bit processor
• “multi-tasking”
• total memory of 4 Gb
• 33 MHz version - 275,000
transistors
• 80386SX was the standard
16-bit
• Chip was copied very well
by AMD and Cyrix
Generations: Fourth Generation
• upgradeable processors and standardized
motherboard sockets
• Intel released the 80486 known as the 486
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32-bit
built in math co-processor
incorporated level one cache
concept of burst mode to reduce the wait time on
memory access
– The 486SX math co-processor was disabled on the
chip but is the same chip as the 486DX
Generations: Fourth Generation cont.
• AMD’s 5x86 family
– one speed 133 MHz on boards with 33Mhz bus
– uses a .35-micron trace in its processor
• Cyrix - M1sc
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resembled the AMD
Had Pentium qualities , such as pipeline burst
16Kb larger cache then the 486 DX chip
Came in two speeds 100 and 120 Mhz
Fastest class of chip that will run in 486 motherboard
Generations: Fifth Generation
• increase of AMD and Cyrix cloning the
Intel chips leads Intel Trademarks the name
Pentium
• Pentium
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has a memory bus of 64 bits
used a split level 1 cache 8kb for instruction.
Faster floating point calculations
Introduced MMX technology
Generations: Fifth Generation cont.
• AMD
– K5 chips however these chips did not perform
as well as the Pentium it was released a year
late and was too slow
– RISC- based architecture
– 16Kb main cache, 4-way set associative cache
mapping, and register renaming
– Problems: with compatibility to the Pentium
class.
Generations: Fifth Generation cont.
• Cyrix 6X86
– 5 to 7 stage internal pipeline
– 4-way primary cache
– problems with: processor identification
problems, motherboard compatibility,
heat/power usage, and no multi-processor
support. Internally
Generations: sixth Generation
• Intel’s Pentium Pro and the Pentium II
• Pentium Pro
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RISC-like microinstructions
14 level super pipeline
cache ranging from 256Kb up to 1Mb
180 to 200 MHz
• Pentium II
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double level cache 1
segment register caches
contained less cache level 2
233 to 333 MHz
Generations: sixth Generation cont.
• AMD K6
– 64 KB of level 1 cache
– K6 is quite similar to the Pentium Pro at the same clock
speed but was not as good as the Pentium
• Cyrix 6x86MX
– Added MMX to their chips
– 64 bit, and a small additional level 1 cache
– Still has heat problems and power usage problems
• 1997 acquisition of Cyrix by giant National
Semiconductor
Generations: seventh Generation
• Intel Pentium III
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8 new 128 bit floating point registers
Single Instruction Multiple Data function
12 new MMX instructions
100 or 133 MHz Front Side Bus versions
70 new streaming SIMD extensions
Full speed level two cache
Advanced System Buffering technology
Generations: seventh Generation cont.
• AMD Athlon
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First seventh Generation chip.
256KB of on-chip
200 and 266 front side buses
Based on the Thunderbird design
Running from 750 Mhz – 1.0 Ghz
Generations: eight Generation
• Intel Pentium IV
– 42 million transistors and circuit lines of 0.18 microns
– 400 MHz system bus
– 1.50Ghz to the current 2.40 GHz
• AMD MP
– AMD PowerNow!
– super scalar x86 processor micro architecture designed
for high performance
– bus snooping capability
Generations: eight Generation cont.
• AMD XP
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37.5 million on board transistors
266 MHz Front Side Bus
a peak transfer rate of 2.1 GB a second
3Dnow!
multiple parallel x86 instruction decoders
Leading in 3d graphics
Generations: nine Generation
• AMD – Hammer
• Intel – IA-64
The End