Transcript CA00-Opening & Introduction

Computer Architecture
Opening
Yu-Lun Kuo 郭育倫
Department of Computer Science and Information
Engineering
Tunghai University
Taichung, 40704, Taiwan R.O.C.
[email protected]
Syllabus
• Instructor
– 郭育倫, [email protected]
• Textbook
– Computer Organization and Design, 4/e: The
Hardware/Software Interface, Morgan
Kaufmann, 2010
• David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessy
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Syllabus
• References
– Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach,
5th Edition, Morgan Kaufmann, 2011
• David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessy
– Computer Organization and Architecture: Designing
for Performance, 9th Edition, 2012
• William Stallings
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Why learn this stuff?
• Why and What is this course?
• What is a computer?
• You want to call yourself a “computer
scientist”
• You want to build software people use
(Analysis) (Performance) (Design)
• You need to make a purchasing decision or
offer “expert” advice
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Why learn this stuff?
• Both Hardware and Software affect
performance
– Algorithm determines number of source-level
statements
– Language/Compiler/Architecture determine
machine instructions
(Chapter 2 and 3)
– Processor/Memory determine how fast instructions
are executed
(Chapter 5, 6, and 7)
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How do computers work?
• Need to understand abstractions such as:
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Applications software
Systems software
Assembly Language
Machine Language
Architectural Issues: i.e., Caches, Virtual Memory, Pipelining
Sequential logic, finite state machines
Combinational logic, arithmetic circuits
Boolean logic, 1s and 0s
Transistors used to build logic gates (CMOS)
Semiconductors/Silicon used to build transistors
Properties of atoms, electrons, and quantum dynamics
• So much to learn!
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What is a computer?
• Components:
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CPU (the processor(s))
Input (mouse, keyboard)
Output (display, printer)
Memory (disk drives, DRAM, SRAM, CD)
Network
• Our primary focus: the processor (datapath
and control)
– Implemented using millions of transistors
– Impossible to understand by looking at each
transistor
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Why learn this stuff?
• Computer Calculator everywhere
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Why learn this stuff?
• What is Computer (calculator)?
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Why learn this stuff?
CPU & Memory
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Why learn this stuff?
Storage
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Binary System
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Binary System
• Why binary?
– Digital (Digit)
1 = 導電
= True = Open
0 = 不導電 = False = Close
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Binary System
• Memory & Storage
– 128MB, 256MB, 1024MB
– 4GB, 8GB, 32GB
• TB vs. GB vs. MB vs. KB
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1 TB = 1024 GB
1 GB = 1024 MB
1 MB = 1024 KB
1 KB = 1024 B
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Arithmetic Logic Gate
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Basic Organization of
Any Computer
Keyboard
Mouse
Computer
Processor
Control
Devices
Memory
Input
Disk
Datapath
Output
Monitor
Printer
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Computer Architecture
Application (IE)
Software
Hardware
Operating
Compiler
System
Assembler (MS Windows)
Processor Memory I/O system
Instruction Set
Architecture
Datapath & Control
Digital Design
Circuit Design
Transistors
Machine
Organization
Computer Architecture =
Instruction Set Architecture + Machine Organization
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Overview
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Textbook Contents
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1: Computer Abstractions and Technology
2: Instructions: Language of the Computer
3: Arithmetic for Computers
4: Assessing and Understanding Performance
5: The Processor: Datapath and Control
6: Enhancing Performance with Pipelining
7: Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
8: Storage, Networks, and Other Peripherals
9: Multiprocessors and Clusters
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Syllabus
• Requirements
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10% (if got zero…)
20% (15% Presentation)
30%
40%
Participants
Team report
Mid-term exam
Final exam
• TA
– 蘇奕瑋
– [email protected]
• Course website
– http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~d95037
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Project Report
• Topic
– CPU
• Compare different kinds of CPU architecture
• Ex. Mainframe, supercomputer, PC (Dual Core,
Core 2 Duo, Quad-Core, Atom, CULV), ARM etc.
– Storage Technology
• Compare different kinds of storage devices
• Describe develop history and technique in detail
• Ex. HD, SSD, RAM, flash, memory (storage) card
– Any related devices (Architectures)
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Project Report
• Rules and Regulations
– Write a report (format: word) (One week after the report)
– Team work
• No more than 5 people
• Everyone must report (Personal Points)
– Time: 20~25 minutes
• After mid-term exam
– Tell us the contribution of member
• List at last slide
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Schedule
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2/23、3/2、3/9、3/16、3/23、3/30
4/6 Tomb-Sweeping festival(4/4)
4/13
4/20 mid-exam
4/27、5/4
5/11、5/18、5/25、6/1 Team Report
6/8 畢業典禮 (?)
6/15 final-exam
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