Transcript Group 18 - Solon City Schools

Alkali Metals
Sarah Rahman
Group 1 of the Periodic Table
• EXTREMELY reactive, especially with water
– Because they have only 1 valence electron
• Soft and shiny
• Not found in nature as elements; they form
compounds with other elements
• reactivity increases with atomic number
• Rubidium burns spontaneously when exposed to
air
• Rubidium chloride is used to treat depression
• Cesium can melt in your hands
• Francium is a product of radioactive decay
The alkali metals are sodium, lithium, potassium,
rubidium, cesium, and francium
Alkaline-Earth Metals
Amanda Li
Group Two
• Have two valence
electrons
• Elements in this group
are:
– Highly reactive, yet less
reactive then Group 1
– Combines easily
– Shiny, malleable, and
ductile
• Interesting Facts
– Strontium burns
spontaneously in powder
form
– Many of the elements are
toxic are dangerous.
– Radium was once used to
paint glow in the dark
objects.
In this picture some of the elements
must be contained due to their
reactivity with certain materials.
Transition Metals
By Rushil Shah
All about Transition Metals
• Located in groups 3-12 and are known to be
less reactive
• Their valence electrons combine with other
elements and are present in one or more shell
• Form different charged cations because of
complex arrangements of electrons
• Copper is used in electric wiring
• Tungsten is used in filaments of light bulbs
• Gold and silver is used in jewelry
• Transition metals are the only kind able to
produce a magnetic field. Gold and silver are
used in jewelry because of its glamorous shine.
Semiconductors
By Brian Sang
Facts about semiconductors
• Semiconductors are a group of six
elements
• Boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic,
antimony, and tellurium are
semiconductors
• They are located towards the right
side of the periodic table
• Semiconductors are nonmetals
with some metal properties – they
are able to conduct heat and
electricity
• Semiconductors conduct better
when their temperatures are
higher, or when impurities are
added to them
• The ability of semiconductors has
lead to great advances in
electronic technology
Semiconductors, namely silicon, are
often used to make computer chips.
Other uses include transistors, LED
displays, and solar cells.
HALOGENS
An Introduction to Halogens
By Eric Wang
Halogens
• Non-metallic elements located
upon Group 17 of periodic table
• Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine,
Iodine, Astatine
• Extremely high reactivity due to
valence shell contains 7 electrons,
allowing in easily gaining one
electron to become anion.
• Forms ionic compounds called
salts
• All are poisonous and rarely found
alone in nature
• Used in swimming pools killing
bacteria, toothpaste, and
industrial activity.
• May be harmful in atmosphere by
destroying ozone- CFCs.
Chlorine, a halogen poisonous when
found alone, is used in swimming
pools to kill bacteria.
Noble Gases
By: Katie Poduska
Group 18:
• There are six elements in the element family known as
noble gases, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and
radon
• All six of these elements have eight valence electrons
and are chemically unreactive
• Noble gases naturally occur in the atmosphere
• The noble gases got their name because of the royal
way they seem to keep their distance from the other
elements
• Henry Cavendish in 1775 took an air sample and found
the first noble gas
When an electric charge sits in an enclosed container and
neon atoms absorb it, the energy pushes the electrons to
higher energy levels then they release the energy as light
particles giving them and all of the other noble gases their
glow.