Transcript Carmelo Papa - European Parliament

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Materials for the 2020 Challenges:
The view of industry
Carmelo Papa
Executive Vice President,
Industrial and Multisegment General Manager
STMicroelectronics
“Materials for the 2020 Challenges”
European Parliament Brussels. July 10 2012
Outline
New materials can address societal challenges by:
boosting performances of key enabling technologies
introducing entirely new functions in systems and changing
manufacturing flow
Examples of new materials in semiconductor industry:
SiC and GaN for the new wave of power electronics
Polymers and flexible electronics for healthcare
Keep looking at advanced materials: e.g. graphene
Bridging the gap between material science and market
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A long path from materials to applications
electric/hybrid car
From Materials to
devices to systems…
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Device engineering
and industrialisation
Ni2Si/4H-SiC
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473 K
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I(A)
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98 K
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Applications
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T=25 K
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0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Forward bias (V)
Al
Ti3SiC2
Early device
prototypes
4H-SiC
Fundamental
Material studies
….and viceversa: problems
from applications leading
to applied and fundamental R&D
Societal challenges calling for better power
actuators: energy efficiency and…
Kyoto protocol on reducing
greenhouse gas emissions
126$
Oil price increase
> 85% of produced energy
presently derived from
hydrocarbons
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….people concentration in megacities
Societal Challenges in Healthcare
Healthcare spending is growing fast : currently 15% of GDP for USA,
8% of GDP for Europe
Global Healthcare spending is more than 5 Trillion Dollars per year
This spending trend is unsustainable for the future economy
To counter this trends, the Healthcare industry must change
Sensors around the body
A move towards Personal Home Diagnostic
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Emerging Applications require Smart Integration :
Moore’s Law and More than Moore
Analog/RF
Baseline CMOS : CPU, Memory, Logic
“ Moore’s Law ” : Miniaturization
“ More than Moore ” : Diversification
130nm
Passives
HV
Power
Sensors
Actuators
Biochips
Interacting with people
and environment
90nm
65nm
45nm
Information
Processing
32nm
22nm
.
.
.
V
Beyond CMOS:
Quantum Computing,
Molecular Electronics
Spintronics
 “Moore” approach: integrate more transistors in a chip
 “More than Moore”: integrate functions in a Smart System
 Innovation in More than Moore comes in disruptive steps
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From Si Power Devices…….
The most recent Si MOSFET
at ST Microelectronics
60 um Si wafer processing
for advanced IGBTs devices
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….to SiC and GaN power devices
Source: Yole Développement,
•Better power density
•Lower losses
•Higher operation temperature
•Higher operation frequency
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SiC and GaN power devices
2015 SiC and GaN power device TAM:
$0.5B
SiC Program
 1200 V MOSFET (Q4 2012)
SiC MOSFET vs. 1200 V IGBT
 64% die size reduction
GaN Program
 Much higher switching
frequency
 650V / 15A HEMT
 650V / 200A HEMT
GaN Transistor vs. 650 V IGBT
 40% Power Saving
Source: Yole Développement, STMicroelectronics
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SiC and GaN in Renewable Energy
Moving electronics into
the Panel for Enhanced
Photovoltaic
Microinverter
Power
Optimizer
Smart
Junction Box
Power Modules
Gate Drivers
Rectifiers
(SiC, Schottky,
Ultrafast)
Standard
Inverter
Control
Unit
Power
Switches
Metrology ICs
(MOSFET,
IGBT)
Protections
PLM, ZigBee
Transceiver
DC-DC
conversio
n and
MPPT
DC-AC
conversio
n and
MPPT
Enabling lower
losses and
higher
currents
High efficiency
full solar
system
(ESD, EOS)
SCR’s
Auxiliary
Power Supply
PV Inverter System 2014 TAM:
$8.8B, CAGR 2011-2014: 11%
23 Mu, CAGR 2011-2014: 63%
Source: iSuppli
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SiC and GaN in Hybrid & Electric Vehicles
Power Modules
Protections
Rectifiers
Power
Switches
Control
Unit
PLM
Transceiver
(MOSFET,
IGBT)
RF
Transceiver
Gate Drivers
Auxiliary
Power Supply
Source: Yole Développement, STMicroelectronics
PHEV: Plug-in Hybrid Electric
Vehicles
Smart Power Electronics for a
dramatic reduction of C02 emission
HEV / EV 2014 Semiconductor TAM:
$1.9B
CAGR 2011-2014: 28%
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Smart Systems are everywhere and require
the introduction of a wealth of new materials
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Flexible Electronics: a new material for Smart Systems
Ambient
Intelligence
Security &
Safety
Gaming &
Leisure
Flexible
Conformable
Self Powered
Autonomous
Wireless
Dislocation
Cost Effective
Disposable
Light
Portable
Consumer
Wearable
Electronics
Portable
Human
Interface
Healthcare
& Fitness
Automotive &
Transportation
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...adding material knowledge for Flexible & Disposable Electronics

Bio-materials

Metal/Non ferrose (Al, Ti, Cu, Ag, Tg, Au, Ni)

Polimers (Non Metal/Organics/Thermoplastic)
Polymers
•
Polimmide
•
PVC
•
COP
•
PET

tenacity
•
PEN


low specific weight
workability
Advantages
Ceramics (Non Metal / Inorganics)

Ceramics
Advantages
Metals
Advantages


Good biocompatibility
Chemical inert

High resistance to compression

Resistance to corrosion
Disadvantages



Low resistance to traction
mechanical characteristics
higher resistance to the use



High specific weight
Fragility
ductility

Low workability
Disadvantages
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Low biocompatibility
Rigidity
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
High specific height
Corrosion in physiological environment
Disadvantages


low mechanic resistance
degradation over time

deformation over time
Increasing complexity by multi-foil 3D
integration on flexible substrates
The project challenge is the development of interconnection technologies for
autonomous, flexible and smart system:
• Interconnection technologies between flexible components and flexible foils as well as
between functional foils.
• Three dimensional functional foil integration to achieve multi-foil based systems, i.e.
system-in-foil.
Technical Demonstrator
Energy autonomous indoor air quality sensing system capable of wireless
communication of the measured data.
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Flexible Electronics at STMicroelectronics
Application fields:
• Printed sensors / Flexible ICs
• Multifunctional systems on foil
• Smart disposables for healthcare
and ambient intelligence
Technologies:
• From litho-based on wafer carriers
… to printed electronics carrier-less
Wireless Strain Gauge Modules Sensors around the body
for pressure and temperature
• To Hybrid system integration (e.g. multi-foil)
Examples:
• Sensors on plastic: strain/pressure,
temperature, gas and biosensors
• Smart objects with RF harvesting and
wireless communication
• Transparent and Flexible electronics, incl.
printed organics and oxides
• Implantable sensors for glucose monitoring
• Hybrid Si-Plastic micro-fluidic modules
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Example:Contact Lens for Early Diagnosis of Glaucoma
 Application: Contact Lens for non-invasive early
diagnosis and personalized treatment of Glaucoma
(customer: SENSIMED AG)
ST Wafer containing
contact lens sensor
 ST Sensor is a strain gauge & antenna embedded in
a silicone contact lens
 The Sensor is capable of measuring cornea
deformations due to Intra-Ocular-Pressure (IOP)
variations
 The IOP Sensor is a wireless sensor that acts as a
transducer, antenna and mechanical support for
additional read-out electronics
The complete (Smart) System
commercialized by SENSIMED
includes:
- Contact Lens
- External antenna & data-cable
- Recorder
- Software
Contact lens sensor
Into the patient’s eye
Intra-Ocular Pressure
Disposable Sensor
Sensor & antenna
embedded in a
silicone contact lens
Press release March 24, 2010: ST to develop and supply
wireless sensor for Sensimed’s Continuous Eye Pressure Monitor
Telemetric chip
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Example:Diabetes Management with implantable biosensors
Application: Continuous Glucose
Monitoring (CGM)
As of 2010 about 285 million people around the world, are
affected by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus disease. Complications
arising from diabetes can be both Acute and long term and
include hypoglycemia, Ketoacidosis, coma, renal failure,
amputations, neuropathy, and retinal damage.
In the last decade Glucose sensing technology became the
major research focus in diabetes management area, and 80%
of biosensor market are the glucose sensors.
Working
Reference
Counter
Source: www.medtronic.com
Over the next 10 years the cost of diabetes, heart disease,
and stroke will take a tremendous toll on the national
incomes of developing world countries.
According to WHO, diabetes, heart disease, and stroke
together will cost about $555.7 billion in lost national
income in China, $303.2 billion in the Russian Fed.;
$336.6 billion in India; and $49.2 billion in Brazil.
http://www.medtronicdiabetes.net/products
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Example: Biosensors for healthcare & fitness
 Amperometric sensors: from Glucose to Lactate
monitoring

Lactate levels are related to the
anaerobic metabolism associated
with muscle contraction:
0.6 ~ 2 millimoles in resting
up to 20 or 30 mM during activity



Athletes have to stop physical activity when they reach their lactate threshold.
Aim: to avoid metabolic disorders and injured tissues during sport
activities.
Monitoring of several pathologic conditions, such as the case of patients
with cardiac disease and diabetes.
 Multisensing of biological functions


Biological chemical sensors associated with other physical
and mechanical sensors, such as ECG, accelerometers,
gyroscopes, temperature, pressure, light, etc.…
It requires dedicated electronics able to acquire the signals
from sensor, process them and transmit to a portable remote
unit
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From Healthcare to Ambient Intelligence
• Multifunctional systems embedded in
everyday objects:
a) Wireless sensor networks
• Network of sensors embedded with low-cost
electronics with RF & analog processing capability
• Opportunities:
• Multi-sensors integration at each sensor node
• Low power (either with battery or battery-less, where
possible)
b) Smart objects in packaging & textile
• High volume (existing market for RFID)
• Opportunities:
• Electronics on plastics, paper, textile
• Gas and chemical sensors in smart objects
• Flexible & streatchable electronics
associated with other functions and technology drivers:
e.g. displays, energy harvesting, ULP radios
Keep watching new materials, e.g. graphene
 Thinnest material sheet imaginable…yet the strongest!
(5 times stronger than steel and much lighter!)
 Graphene is a semimetal: it conducts as good (in fact
better!) than the best metals, yet its electrical properties can
be modulated (it can be switched ON and “OFF”)
 Record electron and hole mobilities (>×100 than Si)
 Superb heat conductor (>x40 than Si)
 Very high current densities (~4-8 mA/mm, equivalent to 109 A/cm2)
Applications: new devices due to ambipolar transport, excellent electrostatic
confinement, integration with Si and with flexible/transparent substrates
Graphene has the potential to revolutionize numerous fields:
Electronics, materials science, chemistry, bio-sensors…
Pilot deployment
Pilot line
Globally competitive
manufacturing facilities
Competitive
manufacturing
Knowledge
Technological research
Technological
development
Product development
European « three pillars bridge » to pass across the « valley of death »
Market
The valley of death
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