Transcript Predicated assembly and biomimetics in micro/nano

Avogadro Scale Engineering
~Getting to the Age of Complexity~
Day 1 - Form
Molecular Machine (Jacobson) Group
MIT - November 2003
Molecular Machines (Jacobson) Group
red blood cell
~5 m (SEM)
DNA
proteins
nm
Simple
molecules
<1nm
diatom
30 m
bacteria
1 m
10-10
10-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
m
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
SOI transistor
width 0.12m
Semiconductor
Nanocrystal
~1 nm
Nanotube Transistor
(Dekker)
Circuit design
Copper wiring
width 0.1m
IBM PowerPC 750TM
Microprocessor
7.56mm×8.799mm
6.35×106 transistors
Fabricational Complexity
•Total Complexity
•Complexity Per Unit Volume
•Complexity Per Unit Time*Energy
•Complexity Per unit Cost
Ffab = ln (W) / [ a3 tfab Efab ]
Ffab = ln (M)e-1 / [ a3 tfab Efab ]
There is Plenty of
Room at the
Bottom
December 29th,
1959
The chemist does a mysterious
thing when he wants to make a
molecule. He sees that it has got
that ring, so he mixes this and
that, and he shakes it, and he
fiddles around. And, at the end of
a difficult process, he usually does
succeed in synthesizing what he
Richard P. Feynman
wants…
(1918-1988)
http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/feynman.html
DNA Synthesis
Caruthers Synthesis
Error Rate:
1: 102
300 Seconds
Per step
http://www.med.upenn.edu/naf
/services/catalog99.pdf
1.
Replicate Linearly with Proofreading and Error Correction
Fold to 3D Functionality
Error Rate:
1: 108
100 Steps
per second
template dependant 5'-3'
primer extension
3'-5' proofreading
exonuclease
Beese et al. (1993), Science, 260, 352-355.
http://www.biochem.ucl.ac.uk/bsm/xtal/teach/repl/klenow.html
5'-3' error-correcting
exonuclease
Fault-Tolerant Circuits
Resourcees for Exponential Scaling
Resources which increase the complexity of a
system exponentially with a linear addition in
resource.
1] Quantum Phase Space
2] Error Correcting Fabrication
3] Fault Tolerant Hardware Architectures
4] Fault Tolerant Software or Codes
5] Nonlinear Functional Approximations
Can we combine these in new ways to create something new?
Avogadro Scale Engineering: Goals
•Form: Fabricating Complexity
•Function: Statistical-Mechanical Engineering
•Foundations: Fundamental Limits and Uncertainty Relations
•Formats: Description Languages and Designs Tools
Foundations: Fundamental Limits, Conservation Laws and
Uncertainty Relations
Fundamental Limits
Ffab = ln (W) / [ a3 tfab Efab ]
Ffab = ln (M)e-1 / [ a3 tfab Efab ]
Conservation Laws
Conservation of Fragility Per Unit Complexity (Doyle’s Law)
Uncertainty Relations
DFabrication Complexity *DCode Complexity >= C1
DFragility *DLatency >= C2
Resources for Exponential Complexity Scaling
1] Quantum Phase Space ,2] Error Correcting Fabrication,3] Fault Tolerant Hardware
Architectures ,4] Fault Tolerant Software or Codes, 5] Nonlinear Functional
Approximations